Body modification (or body alteration) is the permanent or semi-permanent deliberate altering of the human body for non-medical reasons, such as spiritual, various social (markings), BDSM "edgeplay" or aesthetic. It can range from the socially acceptable decoration (e.g., pierced ears in many societies), to the overtly religiously mandated (e.g., circumcision in a number of cultures) to corporal punishment, to provocative statement by the rebellious (e.g., tongue splitting). Some even get physically addicted to the adrenaline/endorphin release associated with a painful procedure in a way analogous to that experienced by those who self harm. Some people experience an abstract but distinct compulsion to modify their body that appears to have no underlying or external reason.
Nearly every human society practises or has practised some type of body modification in its broadest definition, from Māori tattoos to Victorian corsets to modern breast implants.
Some futurists believe that eventually humans will pursue body modification with more advanced technological means, such as permanently implanted devices to enhance mental and physical capabilities, thereby becoming cyborgs. For the substantial number of people with heart pacemakers and brain implants such as cochlear implants and electrical brain stimulators for Parkinson's disease, this is already a reality.
More on [ Body modification ]

Beauty Marks - Article by Gemma Tarlach asking if body modification is trend or cultural phemonenon. [Milwaukee Journal Sentinal]
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Body Piercing in the West - An academic-style research paper on the sociologial bases for recent interest in body modification. Contains references. By Susan Holtham.
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Body Piercing: Reclamation, Enhancement, and Self-Expression - Essay by Sander Thomas expaining his view on some of the meanings and reasons for certain body adornments.
Branding - Details of multi-strike brand, new electro-cautery techniques, cupping, and do-it-yourself. Also features aftercare information.
Meta Description: [ Featuring branding, the deliberate use of burning for aesthetic body decoration. Includes multi-strike branding, electro-cautery method, and a mini presentation on cupping ]
Free homepages for BodModders - BME/World provides free home pages and e-mail to people with body modification interests. This page also provides a list of those personal home pages.
Ihung.org - Reference site pertaining to body rituals such as flesh pulls and suspensions.
ModCon - Information on the annual conference on body modification and images from past events.
Pagan Fashion's New Frontier: Facial Tatoos - Article by A.Clay Thompson concerning a change in societal views of tattoos. [Pacific News]
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Personal Rituals - From the Body Modification E-zine - individuals share their experiences of their chosen modification and the internal processes leading up to the event.
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Piercing and the Modern Primitive - A research essay by Jesse Singleton that attempts to show the way in which piercing is a vital and integral part of the modern primitive movement. Includes bibliography.
Tattoos and The Bible - A recovering addict tells his story about his first tattoo and the process of reconciling that decision with The Bible.
The Lizardman - Erik Sprague is a sideshow artist who shares his experiences and philosophies behind his body modifications. Features an events list as well as contact and booking information.
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The Resurgence of Body Ornamentation and Augmentation - A research paper by Mecca Shakoor, a student at U.C. Berkeley. Outlines the history and relates it to two movements: Punk and Urban Primitive.
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