Scientology is a system of beliefs and practices created by American pulp and science fiction Battlefield Earth home page author L. Ron Hubbard in 1952 as a self-help philosophy. By 1960 Hubbard had redefined it as a "religion by its basic tenets".HCOB 18 Apr 67 (HCOB of 21 June 1960 Revised) "Religious Philosophy and Religious Practice" The name "Scientology" is also sometimes used to refer to the Church of Scientology, which is the largest organization promoting the belief system of Scientology. There are other organizations and individuals who are not affiliated with the Church of Scientology who regard themselves as practitioners of and believers in Scientology, sometimes collectively called the Free Zone. The Church regards such independents, almost without exception, as not practicing the "true" Scientology set out by Hubbard, while many of those independents make the very same criticism about the Church.
The Church of Scientology presents itself as a religious non-profit organization dedicated to the rehabilitation of the human spirit and providing counseling and rehabilitation programs. Church spokespeople claim that Hubbard's teachings (called "Technology" or "tech" in Scientology terminology) have saved them from addictions, arthritis, depression, learning disabilities, mental illness, cancer, homosexualitySTUDENT HAT AND COMMUNICATIONS COURSE "Auditing cures neuroses, criminality, insanity, psychosomatic ills, homosexuality and drug dependence"Julie CHRISTOFFERSON v. CHURCH OF SCIENTOLOGY OF PORTLAND and other perceived problems.
The controversial organization has attracted much criticism and distrust throughout the world because of its closed nature and strong-arm tactics in handling critics. Lawmakers, including national governing bodies of several countries, have characterized the Church as an unscrupulous commercial organization, citing harassment of critics and exploitation of its members.. Scientology's principles have been characterized as pseudoscientific by scientists, medical doctors and psychotherapeutic practitioners. Although some religious scholars consider Scientology a religion, it has frequently been perceived as a cult and a pseudoreligion. Scientology: Cult of Greed and power
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A Short Study of the Scientology Religion - J. Gordon Melton's study and findings on the Church of Scientology.
Meta Description: [ The Church of Scientology is very much a religion in the fullest sense of the word. ]
Altar Rhetoric and Online Performance: Scientology, Ethos, and the World Wide Web - An overview of the way religions are using cyberspace, focusing particularly on the Church of Scientology.
Is Scientology a Religion? - Dr. Alan W. Black examines Scientology against seven dimensions of religion and finds all to be present in it.
Meta Description: [ Is Scientology A Religion? ]
Is Scientology a Religion? - Analysis of Scientology against current criteria for classification of religions, by Dean M. Kelley who was an executive of the National Council of Churches of Christ in the U.S.A.
Religious Philosophy, Religion and Church - Study on Scientology by Calvinist, South African, professor of religion, laying the groundwork for Scientology's ultimate recognition by his government as a religion in the year 2000.
Scientology - Is This a Religion? - By Steven A. Kent. Revised version of a presentation given to 27th Deutscher Evangelischer Kirchentag. Argues that Scientology is a multifaceted transnational having religion as only one component.
Meta Description: [ Although some social scientists insist that
Scientology is a religion, the more appropriate position to take is that the
organization is a multi-faceted transnational that has religion as only one of
its many components. ]
Scientology A Comparison with Religions of the East and West - A comparison of the Church of Scientology against certain criteria to determine whether or not it is a religion, presented by Per-Arne Berglie, Professor of History of Religion, University of Stockholm.
Meta Description: [ An opinion on the Church of Scientology, by professor Per-Arne Berglie, history of religion, University of stockholm, Sweden. ]
Scientology, a New Religion - Dr. Herbert Richardson summarizes a study he did of the Church of Scientology and why it should be classified as a religion.
Meta Description: [ On all the above points which typically distinguish
churches and sects, the Church of Scientology can be seen more to resemble... ]
Scientology, Social Science and the Definition of Religion - An expertise by James A. Beckford, Ph.D.University of Warwick, England, outlining the religious traditions of Scientology and its parallels to the Hindu and Buddhist religions.
Scientology: A New Religion - A short study on the religious nature of Scientology, by Dr. Samuel S. Hill.
Scientology: A Religion in South Africa - Paper on the religious heritage of Scientology by David Chidester, Professor of Comparative Religion, University of Cape Town, South Africa.
Scientology: A Way of Spiritual Self-Identification - An analysis of the Scientology religion by Michael A. Sivertsev, expert adviser on international matters to the Committee of the Russian Federation
Meta Description: [ An paper on the Scientology religion and its spiritual nature by Michael A. Sivertsev Expert Adviser on International Matters to the Committee of the Russian Federation ]
The Church of Scientology - A study on the Church of Scientology by the Chair of the Department of Study of Religions, University of Helsinki and the Executive Chief of the Foreigners' Office of the City of Tampere, Finland.
The Church of Scientology as a movement of a new age in the world - Josef Wolf looks into various Scientology beliefs, and how Scientology compares with other new and mainstream religions.
The Religious Nature of Scientology - Dr. Parrinder, Methodist Minister and Professor of the Comparative Study of Religions University of London, on the controversy as to whether Scientology is a religion.
The Religious Status of Scientology - An analysis of the religious nature of Scientology by Dr.Gary D. Bouma, sociologist of religion.
Meta Description: [ A professional opinion on the question Is Scientology a religion? By Gary D. Bouma, PH.D. ]
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