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The Old Testament or the Hebrew Scriptures (also called the Hebrew Bible) constitutes the first major part of the Bible used by Christians. It is usually divided into the categories of law, history, poetry (or wisdom books) and prophecy. All of these books were written before the birth of Jesus of Nazareth, who is the subject of the subsequent Christian New Testament. The Bible of Jesus is the Old Testament, specifically according to : "written in the law of Moses, and in the prophets, and in the psalms ... the scriptures". According to historians, the Old Testament was composed between the 5th century BC and the 2nd century BC, though parts of it, such as the Torah, and Song of Deborah (Judges 5), date back much earlier.

Canon of the Old Testament


Main article: Biblical canon

Following Jerome's Veritas Hebraica, the Protestant Old Testament consists of the same books as the Tanakh, but the order and numbering of the books are different. Protestants number the Old Testament books at 39, while the Jews number the same books as 24. This is because the Jews consider Samuel, Kings, and Chronicles to form one book each, group the 12 minor prophets into one book, and also consider Ezra and Nehemiah a single book. The Roman Catholic, Oriental Orthodox and Eastern Orthodox include books removed by Martin Luther, called the deuterocanonical books, which Protestants exclude as apocryphal. The basis for these books is found in the early Koine Greek Septuagint translation of the Hebrew Bible. This translation was widely used by the early Christians and is the one most often quoted (300 of 350 quotations including many of Jesus' own words) in the New Testament when it quotes the Old Testament.

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404 Concise Old Testament Survey - A study by J. Hampton Keathley III, in which he presents a general introduction to each of the books of the Old Testament. Biblical Studies Foundation.
Meta Description: [ NET Bible : new Bible translation, free Bible software, Bible studies and related Bible materials, . ]

David Clines: Articles - Collection articles primarily with Old Testament, Hebrew, and literary themes.

Dr. Claude Mariottini - Old Testament Resources. Also features a blog on Old Testament issues.
Meta Description: [ Old Testament Resource site featuring Articles, Sermons, and more for the Christian Pastor or Student ]

Hope of Israel - Messianic Prophecy - Site lists over 300 messianic prophecies from the Hebrew Scriptures, with information about the messiah from ancient Rabbis and Targums.
Meta Description: [ Messianic Prophecy ]

500 iTanakh - Resources for Academic Study - An index to Internet resources that might be of use in the scholarly study and teaching of the Hebrew Bible.

Old Testament eSources - Journal articles, bibliography, audio and student workbook exercises for Genesis, Exodus, and Leviticus.

Old Testament Gateway - A comprehensive, annotated, academic directory on the Old Testament.
Meta Description: [ The Old Testament Gateway is a comprehensive, annotated, academic directory of internet sites on the Old Testament. ]

Old Testament Studies - Richard Abbott surveys the history, characters, and chronology of the Old Testament. Interactive timelines, charts, and maps.
Meta Description: [ Richard Abbott - Old Testament Studies - discussions of the Bible text, other texts from the same era of history, archaeological results, and other topics such as ancient languages ]

On-Line Old Testament Text Book - A text prepared by the Division of Student Ministry of the Baptist General Convention of Texas.

Reading the Old Testament - Introduction to the Hebrew Bible by Barry L. Bandstra with information regarding the Torah, the Prophets, and the Writings. Also includes links to study guides, bibliographies, and resource lists.

Survey of Old Testament History - Menu of articles that sketch the history of the Old Testament from the Patriarchal era through the Roman occupation as a background for biblical interpretation. Christian Resource Institute.
Meta Description: [ Menu of articles that sketch the history of the Old Testament from the Patriarchal era through the Roman occupation as a background for biblical interpretation. ]

The Bible History Old Testament by Alfred Edersheim - Originally published in 1876-1887 as a seven volume book. This electronic version is from an edition that appeared in 1890 which contains all seven volumes. Philologos Religious Online Books.

The Books of the Old Testament - A glossary of clickable links to summaries of the books of the Old Testament. Each link offers a definition of the book's title, and a brief overview of significant events, characters, and topics in the book.

The Hebrew Bible - The Massoretic text of the Tanach, with priority to the Codex of Leningrad, B19a.

The Hebrew Scriptures: Books of the Old Testament - A brief, comparative summary of the canons of the Old Testament as accepted by Protestant Evangelicals, Roman Catholics, and Jews.

The Holy Scriptures - The Tanakh - The complete text of the Tanakh (The Jewish Bible), the Torah, Nevi'im and Ketuvim. From the Jewish Publication Society, 1917.
Meta Description: [ Cyber encyclopedia of Jewish history and culture that covers everythingfrom anti-Semitism to Zionism. It includes a glossary, bibliography of web sites and books, biographies, articles, original documents and much more! ]

The Septuagint - Theological and Academic Resources for the Study of the Septuagint and Old Greek Versions.

404 The Society for Old Testament Study - SOTS is a British Society for Old Testament Scholars which publishes news about Old Testament studies in Great Britain.

The Study of Bible Prophecy - Bible prophecies sorted by prophet and theme with articles, explanations and links. AboutBibleProphecy.com
Meta Description: [ About Bible Prophecy ]

Timeline of The Old Testament - Chronological poster of the Old Testament from Noah to Ezra intending to demonstrate the general flow of historical events, in their proper time perspective. Parthenon graphics.

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