Gourt > Society > Philosophy > Philosophy of Mind (5)
Philosophy of mind is the philosophical study of the nature of the mind, mental events, mental functions, mental properties, and consciousness, and of the nature of their relationship with the physical body: the so-called "mind–body problem". Kim, J., "Problems in the Philosophy of Mind". Oxford Companion to Philosophy. Ted Honderich (ed.) Oxford:Oxford University Press. 1995.
Dualism and monism are two major schools of thought that attempt to resolve the mind–body problem. Dualism asserts the separate existence of mind and body, and can be traced back to Plato ed. E.A. Duke, W.F. Hicken, W.S.M. Nicoll, D.B. Robinson and J.C.G. Strachan, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1995. and Aristotle Aristotle (c. mid 4th century BC) On the Soul (De anima), ed. R.D. Hicks, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1907; Books II-III trans. D.W. Hamlyn, Clarendon Aristotle Series, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1968. in the West and the sankhya school of Hindu philosophy in the East and was most precisely formulated in modern terms by René Descartes in the 17th century. Monism, first proposed in the West by Parmenides and in modern times by Baruch Spinoza, maintains that there is only one substance; in the East, rough parallels might be the Hindu concept of Brahman or the Tao of Lao Tzu. Spinoza, Baruch (1670) Tractatus Theologico-Politicus (A Theologico-Political Treatise).
Substance dualists argue that the mind is an independently existing substance, while property dualists maintain that the mind is a jumble of independent properties that emerge from the brain and cannot be reduced to it, but that it is not a distinct substance.Hart, W.D. (1996) "Dualism", in Samuel Guttenplan (org) A Companion to the Philosophy of Mind, Blackwell, Oxford, 265-7. Physicalists argue that only the brain actually exists, idealists maintain that the mind is all that actually exists, and neutral monists adhere to the position that there is some other, neutral substance and that both matter and mind are properties of this unknown substance.Kim, J., "Mind-Body Problem", Oxford Companion to Philosophy. Ted Honderich (ed.). Oxford:Oxford University Press. 1995. The most common monisms in the 20th and 21st centuries have all been variations of materialism (or physicalism), including behaviorism, the identity theory, and functionalism.
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Beyond fucked for this philosophy exam but can't seem to care. Already in that summer state of mind
jtsands131 (JT Sands) Mon, 21 May 2012 03:58:00 -0000
Beyond fucked for this philosophy exam but can't seem to care. Already in that summer state of mind
The funny part out of life is that the wrong people always think that they're philosophy on life is actually RIGHT baffles my mind!
Kenya_Juliet (Kenya ) Mon, 21 May 2012 03:56:58 -0000
The funny part out of life is that the wrong people always think that they're philosophy on life is actually RIGHT baffles my mind!
when you talk about philosophy it's very wide...requires an open mind to view it...but most people just take the narrow meaning of it...
AqimHaris (Aqim Haris) Mon, 21 May 2012 03:50:15 -0000
when you talk about philosophy it's very wide...requires an open mind to view it...but most people just take the narrow meaning of it...
I am convinced that school is just a terrible state of mind which I can surely slap myself in the face to snap out of it. #philosophy
c_losman8896 (Juan Carlos Barranco) Mon, 21 May 2012 03:17:38 -0000
I am convinced that school is just a terrible state of mind which I can surely slap myself in the face to snap out of it. #philosophy
RT @pharr2: "The energy of the mind is the essence of life."_____Aristotle (The Philosophy of Aristotle)âº
LaurieMavesArt (Laurie Maves ART) Mon, 21 May 2012 03:13:40 -0000
RT @pharr2: "The energy of the mind is the essence of life."_____Aristotle (The Philosophy of Aristotle)☺
"The energy of the mind is the essence of life."_____Aristotle (The Philosophy of Aristotle)âº
pharr2 (p harr) Mon, 21 May 2012 03:09:47 -0000
"The energy of the mind is the essence of life."_____Aristotle (The Philosophy of Aristotle)☺
Contemporary Philosophy of Mind: An Annotated Bibliography - Thousands of entries, categorized by subject matter. From David Chalmers.
Meta Description: [ A bibliography of work in the philosophy of mind, the philosophy of cognitive science, and the science of consciousness consisting of over 18,000 entries organized by fine-grained topics. Both online and offline material is included, with links wherever possible. Compiled by David Chalmers (edito... ]
Dictionary of Philosophy of Mind - A comprehensive and up-to-date collection of definitions and brief scholarly discussions of key terms in the Philosophy of Mind. Also includes brief biographical sketches of important figures in cognitive science.
attitude - The naturalism of the Bright Movement is present in Real Dualism, but even an anthropologic analysis that get over the traditional materialism
Meta Description: [ This site is proposing an atheistic existentialism getting over the materialism. This philosophy poses an anti-intellectualistic weltanschauung, that want above all to be useful for the existence and not for any intellectualistic culture. In such pragmatic target, philosophy here exposed is, even... ]
minds - Contains theory and essays by Mayer Spivack. Primarily emphasises human cognition, animal cognition, associative reasoning (syncretic reasoning), creativity, learning and learning disability.
Meta Description: [ Mayer Spivack's writing about management, learning, cognition, psychology, and organizational dynamics. ]
Prints Archive - Articles on the subject of philosophy of mind.
A Field Guide to the Philosophy of Mind - Survey articles on key issues in the field, and an annotated bibliography.
Meta Description: [ Encyclopedia with annotated bibliographies, reviews, discussion forum ]
Argumentation Map: Do Computers Have to be Conscious to Think? - Argumentation maps propose to map the detailed structure of major philosophical debates in graphical form. Portions of the map of the Can Computers Think? debate are now available online.
Artur's Philosophy of Mind group - ICQ chat and forum on philosophy of mind, including the mind-body problem, free will, cognition, and perception.
Behavior and Philosophy - A peer reviewed journal devoted to the philosophical, metaphysical, and methodological foundations of the study of behavior, brain, and mind. Articles from more recent volumes are available for free online. Published by the Cambridge Center for Behavioral Studies.
Center for Consciousness Studies at the University of Arizona. - The main institutional center for Consciousness Studies. Host of the Tucson Toward a Science of Consciousness conferences, and periodically stages on-line courses on aspects of Consciousness Studies.
Cognitive Science - The interdisciplinary study of mind and intelligence. From the Stanford Encyclopedia, by Paul Thagard..
Computing Machinery and Intelligence - The classic 1950 article by Alan Turing on machine intelligence, where he introduces the famous Turing test.
Meta Description: [ original article by Alan Turing on machine intelligence, where he introduces the famous Turing test. ]
Connectionism - Movement in cognitive science which hopes to explain human intellectual abilities using artificial neural networks. From the Stanford Encyclopedia, by James W. Garson.
Consciousness and Intentionality - Discussion of the connection between phenomenal consciousness and intentionality; by Charles Siewert.
Daniel C. Dennett - publications and preprints. - This page makes available online versions of many recent (1987-1997) published and unpublished articles, and reviews, by this influential and unusually readable philosopher (and by some of his associates).
David Chalmers Chat Transcript - Transcript from a live online chat with David Chalmers on September 25th 2002.
Meta Description: [ The International Society for Complexity, Information, and Design (ISCID)
is a cross-disciplinary professional society that investigates complex
systems apart from external programmatic constraints like materialism,
naturalism, or reductionism. The society provides a forum for formulating,
te... ]
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Dualism: Papers - Articles on dualism and parapsychology by John Beloff.
Meta Description: [ Dualism and dualist philosophy: the separation of the mind and
the body; subjective and objective experience; perception and reality. Papers from twenty years
of philosophical pursuit by John Beloff. ]
Eliminative Materialism - The view that some or all of the mental states posited by common-sense do not actually exist; from the Stanford Encyclopedia by William Ramsey.
Epiphenomenalism - Discusses the view that mental events are caused by physical events in the brain, but have no effects upon any physical events. From the Stanford Encyclopedia, by William S. Robinson.
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Exit Epiphenomenalism - Argues that epiphenomenalism, identity theory and parallellism are all incoherent. Unless one denies consciousness only dualistic interactionism and idealism remain viable.
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Experimental Work by Philosophers - Information about experimental data gathered by people working in the philosophy of mind.
Higher-order Theories of Consciousness - Theories which explain conscious states by their relations to higher-order representations of them; from the Stanford Encyclopedia by Peter Carruthers.
Hyponoeticism - New Philosophy of Mind - A New and Challenging Philosophy of Mind.
Imagination, Mental Imagery, Consciousness and Cognition - The science, philosophy, and history of imagination and mental imagery, and their relevance to the understanding of consciousness and cognition. Online articles, and many links.
Meta Description: [ Imagination, Mental Imagery, Consciousness, Cognition: Science, Philosophy, and History has moved! ]
Living philosophy from a modern thinker - Includes a study of belief, mind, relativity, sign systems and matter. Philosophy is integrated with psychology and science.
Meta Description: [ Explore the way that consciousness makes sense of reality. The philosophy ranges over psychology, language, semiology, science, and metaphysics. A wide view of life is embraced. ]
Matter and Aither - The man's presumptuousness considers always that the reality is only one, that accessible to his senses, his intellection and his instrumental of investigation tools. But the things are really so? In MatterAither the foundations of the real dualism (as philosophy of anthropic dual reality)are exposed. The conception of a dual human reality(approximately: to live and to feel)is born on atheistic base.
Meta Description: [ In our mind different functions are conflicting. Our experiences are consequential of a dialectit deal among psyche, reason, intellect and idema. That is a new approach to existence in a new philosophic horizon, that overcome the traditional monistic materialism. Here the sphere of feelings and e... ]
Mental Images: Philosophical Psychology - Introductory and advanced material on the imagery debate, cognitive science, and metaphysical issues.
Meta Description: [ Philosophic texts in progress on the nature of visual mental images. ]
Mental Representation - A mental representation is a mental object with semantic properties. According to the Representational Theory of Mind, psychological states are to be understood as relations between agents and mental representations. Article from the Stanford Encyclopedia, by David Pitt.
Mind and Body: Rene Descartes to William James - By Robert H. Wozniak, Bryn Mawr College. History of philosophical and scientific reactions to the Cartesian impasse. Spanish translation available.
Multiple Realizability - Discusses the contention that a given mental kind (property, state, event) is realized by distinct physical kinds. From the Stanford Encyclopedia, by John Bickle.
Non-Cartesian Cognitive Science. - Many helpfully categorized links and introductory material concerning embodied/situated approaches to cognition, ranging from Artificial Life research to Existentialism. By Ronald Lemmen.
Panpsychism - The doctrine that mind is a fundamental feature of the world which exists throughout the universe; from the Stanford Encyclopedia by William Seager.
Parsimony and the Mind - The principle of parsimony and its application to the mind-body problem
Meta Description: [ Philosophy paper on the principle of parsimony and its application to the mind-body problem. ]
PCID Philosophy of Mind Issue - A special issue of the Open Source online journal Progress in Complexity, Information, and Design (PCID) containing eight essays outlining non-reductive theories of the mind.
Meta Description: [ The International Society for Complexity, Information, and Design (ISCID)
is a cross-disciplinary professional society that investigates complex
systems apart from external programmatic constraints like materialism,
naturalism, or reductionism. The society provides a forum for formulating,
te... ]
Reflections on Language and Mind - Article by Daniel Dennett (1996).
Simulation, Consciousness, Existence - A view on consciousness, universal existence, nothingness, reality.
Squashed Descartes - Condensed edition of Descartes' 'Meditations', with study notes and glossary.
Stanford Encyclopedia - The Computational Theory of Mind - The philosophical theory that the mind is, or functions like, a computer; by Steven Horst.
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy - The Turing Test - Proposal due to Alan Turing for a criterion of the presence of mind or consciousness; by Graham Oppy and David Dowe.
SWIF Philosophy of Mind - Bibliographies by topic and author, event listings, online texts, new books (with links), and many links to online reference works, relevant institutions, journal home pages, and other sites.
The Extended Mind - This paper by Andy Clark and David Chalmers proposes an active externalist theory of mind - that when we use tools such as paper or computers to aid in our cognition, they become part of our minds.
The Identity Theory of Mind - Evaluates the theory that holds that states and processes of the mind are identical to states and processes of the brain. From the Stanford Encyclopedia, by J. J. C. Smart.
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The McDonnell Project in Philosophy and the Neurosciences - An international project looking at issues at the intersection of philosophy and the neurosciences.
The Philosophy and Future of AI - A personal perspective, with many links, from Artificial Intelligence researcher Mark Humphrys.
The Pre-History of Cognitive Science - An annotated bibliography of the models of human cognition of Berkeley, Burton, Hobbes, and Locke. (More figures from the seventeenth through nineteenth centuries are promised.)
Meta Description: [ The Prehistory of Cognitive Science Web--An Annotated bibliograpy of models of human cognition from the Seventeenth through Nineteenth centuries. Compiled and maintained by Carl Stahmer. ]
The Simulation Argument - Site examining the hypothesis that we are currently living in an ancestor simulation run by a future, post-human society. Includes papers and research links.
Meta Description: [ Are You Living In a Computer Simulation? ]
The Society for Philosophy and Psychology (SPP). - The leading U.S. organization for discussion between (analytic) philosophers and (mainly cognitively oriented) psychologists.
The Unity of Consciousness - History and philosophical accounts of unity of consciousness; from the Stanford Encyclopedia by Andrew Brook.
