Yi Hwang (李滉 1501-1570) was one of the two most prominent Korean Confucian scholars of the Joseon Dynasty, the other being his younger contemporary Yi I (Yulgok). Yi Hwang is often referred to by his pen name Toegye (퇴계; 退溪 "Retreating Creek"). His courtesy name was Gyeongho (경호; 景浩).
Yi Hwang was born in On'gye-ri (now Dosan), Andong, North Gyeongsang Province, on November 25, 1501. He was a child prodigy. At the age of six, he started to learn the Book of One Thousand letters from an old gentleman in his neighborhood, and at 12 he learned the Analects of Confucius from his uncle, Yi U. At the age of 19, he obtained the two-volume Seongni Taejeon, a great compendium of neo-Confucianism by Hu Guang, and experienced a process of great awakening. He became devoted to Song thought.
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Korea Now: Dosan Seowon - An article from the Korea Herald by Jeremy Garlick discussing the role which Toegye and the Dosan Confucian academy have played in Korean culture.
T'oegye Yi Hwang (1501 - 1570) - Bibliography of primary and secondary sources in Eastern and Western languages.
To Become a Sage - A translation by Michael C. Kalton of Toegye's Ten Diagrams on Sage Learning, with commentary, index and notes. Includes images of the complete original Chinese text, and various supplementary materials.
Meta Description: [ Free searchable text of book, To Become a Sage, and of papers on the Confucian tradition and the contemporary world. To Become a Sage is a translation with extensive commentary of T'oegye's Ten Diagrams on Sage Learning. Original Chinese text is also available. T'oegye Yi Hw... ]
Toegyehak Institute - An institute at Korea's Andong University, devoted to scholarship on Toegye and his disciples. Conferences and activities are noted.
Yi Hwang (T'oegye) - Article adapted from the 1994 Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy, briefly discussing this philosopher's relation to Korean Neo-Confucianism in general.
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