Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel * (August 27, 1770 – November 14, 1831) was a German philosopher born in Stuttgart, Württemberg, in present-day southwest Germany. His influence has been widespread on writers of widely varying positions, including both his admirers (F. H. Bradley, Sartre, Hans Küng, Bruno Bauer), and his detractors (Kierkegaard, Schopenhauer, Heidegger, Schelling). He is also known for attempting to elaborate a comprehensive and systematic ontology from a logical starting point.
He received his education at the Tübinger Stift (seminary of the Protestant Church in Württemberg), where he was friends with the future philosopher Friedrich Schelling and the poet Friedrich Hölderlin. In their shared dislike for what was regarded as the restrictive environment of the Tübingen seminary, the three became close friends and mutually influenced each other's ideas. The three watched the unfolding of the French Revolution and immersed themselves in the emerging criticism of the idealist philosophy of Immanuel Kant. To be more precise, Hölderlin and Schelling immersed themselves in debates on Kantian philosophy; Hegel's interest only came later, after his own abortive attempts to work out a popular philosophy — which was his original ambition. The Popularphilosophen were writers who introduced and debated issues of the day, a way of promoting the values of the Enlightenment. Most of them were informed by English or Scottish thinkers such as Locke or Reid; Hegel wanted to "complete" the critical philosophy of Kant in the mode of a Popularphilosoph. At Tübingen he was skeptical of the highly theoretical (and technical) discussions that Hölderlin and Schelling engaged in. It was only in 1800 that Hegel admitted the need to resolve the difficulties of the Kantian system before it could hope to be put into practice.
More on [ Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel ]
19th Century :: History of Philosophy
Metaphysics :: Philosophy
Philosophy of History :: Philosophy

The Hegel Network - Essays and links to help understand, rethink, explain, sublate, and live the philosophy of G.W.F. Hegel. Includes bibliography, biography and texts.
Meta Description: [ System of Science ]
24th International Hegel Society Conference - Held in Jena, Germany, covering issues raised by Hegel's 1802 Faith and Knowledge. Features organizational and contact information, background. In multiple languages.
A Hegel Bibliography - Very extensive list of primary and secondary printed resources, focused largely on English-language works. Maintained by Andrew Chitty of the University of Sussex.
Before Beyond Function - A detailed appraisal of Hegel's thinking on architecture, based primarily on Hegel's Lectures on Aesthetics. Particular attention is paid to Hegel's preference for Classical over Romantic architecture.
De Araujo, Paulo Roberto Monteiro - How the Hegelian philosophy can contribute to the conceptual discussions between the two strains of contemporary ethical-political philosophy. From the Paideia Project.
Exorcising Hegel's Ghost - Explores how the biases inherent in Hegel's works have brought about a mindset which excludes Africa from the history of human achievement. Based mostly on Hegel's Philosophy of History.
Foreword to Hegel's Logic - Preface to the 1973 reissue of Wallace's translation of the Shorter Logic.
Meta Description: [ Foreword to the OUP edition of Hegel's Shorter Logic by J N Findlay, translator of the Science of Logic ]
G. W. F. Hegel - A critical view, from a Popperian perspective, of Hegel's philosophy as a whole. Special attention is paid to Hegel's philosophy of nature.
Hegel 21st Century E-mail List - Moderated forum for the discussion of the development and extension of Hegelian thought in contemporary times. Public archives. Established by Janko Stojanow.
Meta Description: [ Hegel_21st_century: The Philosophy Of Absolute Rational Will ]
Hegel and the Greeks - A consideration of how Hegel treats Greek thinkers within his own philosophy. From the 1958 Conference of the Academy of Sciences at Heidelberg.
Hegel by Hypertext - Extensive resource on Hegel and his works, with texts and commentaries.
Meta Description: [ The most comprehensive collection of the works of Hegel on the Internet, in English, plus a glossary, introductions, illustrations and links to Hegel interpretation and other resources ]
Hegel E-Mail List - The Hegel listserv, dedicated to exploring all aspects of Hegel's system. Public archive of messages.
Meta Description: [ hegel: understand and update G.W.F. Hegel ]
Hegel Society of America - Information concerning upcoming Hegel conferences, Hegel e-mail lists, and the Society's journal, the Owl of Minerva.
Hegel Society of Great Britain (HSGB) - News concerning meetings and conferences of this association, as well as information about its biennial Bulletin.
Hegel's First System - Chapter from Marcuse's 1941 work Reason and Revolution, explaining the earliest version of Hegel's Logic and Phenomenology.
Meta Description: [ Chapter from Marcuse's Reason and Revolution explaining the earliest version of Hegel's Logic and Phenomenology ]
Hegel's Science of Philosophy - A set of resources dedicated to the greater understanding of Hegel's work. Includes several online courses, numerous articles, and research aids.
Meta Description: [ Study of G.W.F. Hegel, his writings, Science of Philosophy, Absolute Truth ]
Hegel's Theory of the Modern State - An excerpt from chapter 5 of this work. Uses some of Hegel's little-known early works to analyze his view of property.
Meta Description: [ Excerpt from Avineri: Hegel's Theory of the Modern State, chapter 5: Modern life and social reality on alientation ]
Hegel-Dialognet E-Mail List - A listserv dedicated to conversation about the philosopher's life and work. Public archive of messages.
Meta Description: [ hegel-dialognet: Hegel DialogNet ]
Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy - Entry on Hegel, by David Duquette. Includes biography, bibliography, discussion of major aspects of Hegel's work, and a detailed study of the Philosophy of Right.
Marx's Grundrisse and Hegel's Logic - Preface from a new analysis of the relation between Marx and Hegel, which attempts to show that the relationship is more complex and profound than usually thought.
Meta Description: [ Preface from new analysis of relation between Marx and Hegel based on a study of the Grundrisse ]
Mazzotti, Tarso B.: Hegel and Philosophy of Education - Article from the Encyclopaedia of Philosophy of Education. Delves into the pedagogical elements of Hegel's philosophy of spirit.
On the Absolute Rational Will - An online book aimed at developing a contemporary philosophy through incorporating and interpreting Hegel's thought.
PhilosophyClassics.com: Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel - A lengthy biography and assessment of his philosophy, along with an essay on Phenomenology of Spirit and a selection of links.
Remarks on Hegel's Philosophy of Law - A study of the possibility of Hegelian constitutionalism. From the Paideia Project.
Sketch of Hegel's System - Includes a biography, a discussion of the differences between the systems of Hegel and Schelling, and a unitary overview of Hegel's thought.
Speech and Writing According to Hegel - An exploration of Hegel's semiology from a deconstructionist perspective. Citations of Hegel are linked to online texts.
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy Entry - A detailed account of the development of Hegel's doctrine through his various works. Composed by Paul Redding.
Study Guide to the Philosophy of History - Notes for students from SparkNotes. Supplemented with a Hegel message board.
The Dialectic of the Real and Phenomenological Method in Hegel - Chapter 1 of his classic treatment of Hegel's system, Introduction to the Reading of Hegel. An English translation from French, from the 1969 Basic Books edition.
The Feminist Critique of Hegel - A comparison of four feminist critics of Hegel, with an aim to a coherent treatment of the problem for feminism which Hegel represents.
The Organisation of the Logic - Treats primarily of the Science of Logic, with reference to the Phenomenology. Explores the interrelations among immediacy, essence and the absolute.
Thought and Reality in Hegel's System - Online edition of a classic 1910 monograph. In hyperlinked HTML.
Was Hegel Christian or Atheist? - Explores Hegel's relation to Christianity, atheism and paganism in the light of the struggle between the Left and Right Hegelians. Presents a view of Hegelianism as a freedom-loving philosophy.
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