Platonic realism is a metaphysical theory of universals, maintaining that universals have a mode of being that is independent of the experiential mode of being. It is founded largely on the works of Plato, partly inspired by the teachings of the Pythagoreans, though it is but one aspect of both those philosophies. A due appreciation of this position depends on understanding that the relation being independent of is not the same thing as the relation being exclusive of or the relation being separate from.
Platonic realism is also commonly referred to as simply Plato's theory of universals, just Platonism, or just realism. The latter two terms are problematic: the term realism has several meanings both in philosophical and in non-philosophical fields and the term Platonism refers to the entire philosophy of Plato and is often synonymous with Platonic idealism. The two terms are common shorthand, nevertheless, in certain contexts where they are understood.
The theory is expounded in The Republic and elsewhere, notably in the Phaedo, the Phaedrus, the Meno, and the Parmenides.
More on [ Platonic realism ]

Great Theosophists: The Neoplatonic Revival - Renaissance theosophy in the Platonic Academy and elsewhere. From WisdomWorld.org.
Philosophical Traditions: Renaissance Platonism - David Mycoff's general summary of some the most important ideas. Originally intended as a background to a poem.
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Platonic Academy - About the academy in Florence. The members included Ficino, Pico and Machiavelli. From the Institute and Museum of the History of Science.
Platonism in the Renaissance - A lengthy article on the movement, its background and influence. By John Charles Nelson, from the Dictionary of the History of Ideas.
Renaissance Neo-Platonism - Article by Richard Hooker reviewing this movement, from its roots in antiquity to its offshoots in the present day.
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