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Virtue (Latin virtus; Greek ) is moral excellence of a man or a woman. A virtue is a character trait valued as being good. The conceptual opposite of virtue is vice.
The Greek word (aretē) has not come into ordinary English. The English word virtue is derived from the Latin word virtus which is in turn from vir meaning "man" in the masculine sense. The word virtus means "the male function" conceived in terms of strength or force; hence "the power to accomplish". unrelated Latin word vis means simply "power" or "violence"; ancient grammarians were unable to distinguish the two words. Cf. Ernout-Meillet, Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue latine: Histoire des mots.
Due to ancient social norms and these linguistic subtleties, virtus was sometimes identified with the masculine warlike virtues such as courage. This has sometimes led to a sense of irony concerning the supposed etymology. In English the word virtue is often used to refer to a woman's chastity. As the philosopher Leo Strauss expresses it, "The mystery of Western thought is how a term that originally meant the manliness of a man came to mean the chastity of a woman."
More on [ Virtue ]
Aristotle :: A
MacIntyre, Alasdair :: M
Saint Thomas Aquinas :: T
Virtue Theory - Entry in the Internet Encyclopaedia of Philosophy.
32 Essential Virtues - A list of 32 basic virtues, with relevant quotes from religious, philosophic, and literary sources.
Buddhist Virtue Ethics and the Oneness of Practice and Attainment - Critical review by KnutJohan Øen of Damien Keown's `The Nature of Buddhist Ethics'.
Core Values: The Problems of Justification and Motivation - Article by Charles A. Pfaff presented at JSCOPE, an organisation concerned with the application of ethics to the military. Pfaff argues that the core values initiative casts insufficent light on practical problems, and that an account of character and virtue is needed.
Does Hume Have an Ethics of Virtue? - Article by Marcia L. Homiak presented at the 20th World Congress of Philosophy, which argues that Hume's ethics is best seen as a virtue ethics.
Doing Military Ethics with War Literature - Article by Robert Bonadonno presented at JSCOPE 99, arguing for the importance of lierary narrative in forming a practical appreciation of military virtue.
Ethics and Virtue - Short article discussing the relationship of ethics and virtue in decision making. Appears at the Ethics Connection, a centre at Santa Clara University.
Meta Description: [ An argument that one of the fundamental questions ethics must ask is 'What kind of person should I be?' ]
Ethics Updates: Anti-Theory - A short survey on the views of philosophers who are skeptical of theorising in ethics.
Meta Description: [ Ethics Updates provides updates on current literature, both popular and professional, that relates to ethics. ]
Literature on Aristotle and Virtue Ethics - Discussion forum, lectures, and links to texts on Aristotle's ethical theories, and a survey of its influence on modern virtue theory.
Meta Description: [ Ethics Updates provides updates on current literature, both popular and professional, that relates to ethics. ]
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Rationality and Evaluative Frameworks - Thesis by Arto Laitinen, principally concerned with the claims by Alasdair MacIntyre and Charles Taylor on the nature of moral reasoning.
Meta Description: [ Jyväskylän yliopisto
University of Jyväskylä ]
Review of The Virtues in Medical Practice - By Jonathan Imber, published in the New England Journal of Medicine.
Meta Description: [ The New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM) is a weekly general medical journal that publishes new medical research findings, review articles, and editorial opinion on a wide variety of topics of importance to biomedical science and clinical practice. ]
The Exercise of Military Judgment - Essay by David Lutz presented at JSCOPE 97, analysing the development of the character of General Douglas MacArthur from the perspective of virtue ethics.
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The Foundation of Ethics - A short essay by Karl Jahn on the natural and rational basis of ethics, emphasising the importance of the virtues and vices.
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The Four Virtues - Dedicated to the practical applications of the virtues of courage, temperance, wisdom and justice. With sections for Eastern and Western theories.
The New Dialogue - Interesting site, concerned with the idea that there is a crisis in liberalism. Contents are structured as a Platonic dialogue, covering the works of such familiar figures as MacIntyre, Sandell and Taylor.
Virtue Epistemology - An approach in epistemology that applies the resources of virtue theory to problems in the theory of knowledge. From the Stanford Encyclopedia, by John Greco.
Virtue Ethics (Not Too) Simplified - Article by Philip Cafaro presented at the 20th World Congress of Philosophy.
Virtue Ethics and Core Values - Essay by Jeffrey R. Tiel presented at JSCOPE 99, applying the discussion on virtue ethics to the needs of the US armed services, and arguing that an account of virtue needs to be supplemented by an account of core values.
Virtue Ethics and Leadership - Essay by Charles Pfaff presented at JSCOPE 98, which argues that virtue ethics can cast light on issues of leadership that utilitarian and rule-based systems cannot.
Virtue Ethics in the Ancient World - Graduate seminar series organised by Cynthia Freeland at the University of Houston.
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