Academia is a collective term for the scientific and cultural community engaged in higher education and peer-reviewed research, taken as a whole. The word comes from the akademeia just outside ancient Athens, where the Gymnasium was made famous by Plato as a center of learning. The sacred space had formerly been an olive grove, hence the expression "the groves of Academe". By extension Academia has come to connote the cultural accumulation of knowledge, its development and transmission across generations and its practitioners and transmitters. In the 17th century, English and French religious scholars popularized the term to describe certain types of institutions of higher learning. The English adopted the form academy while the French adopted the forms acadème and académie.
An academic is a person who works as a researcher (and usually teacher) at a university or similar institution in post-secondary (or tertiary) education. He or she is nearly always an advanced degree holder who does peer-reviewed research. In the United States, the term academic is approximately synonymous with that of the job title professor. In the United Kingdom, various titles are used, typically fellow, lecturer, reader and professor (see also academic rank), though the loose term don is often popularly substituted. The term "scholar" is sometimes used with equivalent meaning to that of "academic" and describes in general those who attain mastery in research discipline. It has wider application in its being also used to describe those whose occupation was scientific or pseudo-scientific research prior to mass organised higher education.
Academic administrators are not typically included in this use of the term academic.
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Civil-Military Relations - Internet resources on civil-military relations, from the Comparative Democratization Project.
MERLN (Military Education Research Library Network) - Web presence of the military education libraries in the United States and worldwide. Access to the combined resources of the largest and most comprehensive collections of military information in the world.
Project on Defense Alternatives at the Commonwealth Institute - Defense and international security policy analysis with a critical perspective; U.S., regional, and global issues. Academic examination and treatment of strategic issues.
Meta Description: [ Project on Defense Alternatives: offers critical analysis of military policy and operations and it develops alternative defense policy options. The project favors cooperative security and supports military transformation leading to reduced defense spending and more efficient armed forces. ]
The Centre for SouthEast European Studies - An academic Centre of Excellence focusing on security and defence aspects of South East Europe
Meta Description: [ The Centre for South East European Studies is an academic Centre of Excellence focusing on security and defence aspects of South East Europe., ]
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