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Liberty is generally considered a concept of political philosophy and identifies the condition in which an individual has immunity from the arbitrary exercise of authority. Political philosophies rooted in individualism and socialism often conceive of liberty differently; individualist and liberal conceptions of liberty relate to the freedom of the individual from outside compulsion; a socialist perspective, for example, equates liberty with equality, claiming that liberty without equality amounts to the domination of the most powerful. In his book, Two Concepts of Liberty, Isaiah Berlin framed the differences in these two perspectives as the distinction between two opposite concepts of liberty: positive liberty and negative liberty. The latter designates a negative condition in which an individual is protected from tyranny and the arbitrary exercise of authority, while the former implies the right to exercise civil rights, such as standing for office.
In political philosophies, Kant's philosophy and many postmodern philosophies, liberty is a metaphysical idea and often equated with freedom. In this perspective liberty is conceived as the attribute of the will of the rational subject, thus defining free will and voluntary actions.
Western philosophy
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Basque Fatherland and Liberty (ETA) (Spain, separatists, Euskadi... http://tinyurl.com/yjas35q
helenfxvr (Helena Farmer) Sat, 28 Nov 2009 05:25:00 -0000
Basque Fatherland and Liberty (ETA) (Spain, separatists, Euskadi... http://tinyurl.com/yjas35q
Air University: ETA (Freedom for the Basque Homeland) - Spain - Bibliography of internet resources, books, documents and periodicals about the terrorist group, current through 2000.
Council on Foreign Relations: Basque Fatherland and Liberty (ETA) - Questions and answers about the terrorist group supporting an independent Basque state in parts of northern Spain and southwest France.
Meta Description: [ A profile of the Basque separatist terrorist group ETA, which declared a permanent cease-fire on March 24. ]
FAS: Basque Fatherland and Liberty a.k.a Euzkadi Ta Askatasuna (ETA) - Description, activities, strength, area of operation and external aid. Links to additional resources. From the Federation of American Scientists. USA.
Meta Description: [ A profile of Terrorist Organizations and Other Para-States. ]
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Guardian Unlimited Issues Explained: Eta and Basque Separatism in Spain - Simon Jeffery examines the background to the militant Basque separatist group.
Guardian: Suspects raided after US tracks Eta - Giles Tremlett in Madrid. The interior minister, Mariano Rajoy, said the seven men formed the nucleus of the so-called Donosti Commando which the authorities accuse of committing up to half of Eta's 35 killings in the past 20 months. UK.
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History Today: Forty Years of ETA - History of the radical Basque nationalist movement, founded in 1959, and its attempts to gain independence from Spain. April 1999.
ICT: Basque Homeland and Freedom (ETA) - History, structure, terrorist activity, links, updates and history of attacks. From The International Policy Institute for Counter-Terrorism, Israel.
Meta Description: [ Comprehensive resource on international terrorism and counter-terrorism. Database on terrorist organizations, attacks, articles, news and more. ICT - The Institute for Counter Terrorism ]
Scotsman News: ETA - Ongoing coverage of the Basque separatist movement, with archives in date sequence.
terrorismfiles.org: Basque Fatherland and Liberty (ETA) - Description and brief analysis of ETA's activity, strength, area of operation, funding information and history of attacks.
Meta Description: [ Latest news and information on terrorism, terrorist activities, terrorist organizations, attacks and on Osama Bin Laden and the Taliban. ]
Time Europe: A Rationale for Murder - Coverage about the Basque separatist movement ETA in 2000, including the members, ongoing violence, arrests and political reactions.
Meta Description: [ Police arrest 36 people suspected of links to the Basque separatist movement ETA, but triumph is overshadowed by more violence ]
US Department of State: Fact Sheet on Treasury's Freezing Assets of Basque Terrorists - Background on the Spain-based ETA and list of the names of the 21 people identified as specially designated global terrorists (SDGTs) because of their involvement with ETA.
Meta Description: [ usinfo.state.gov UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF STATE ]
US Department of State: State Department Expands Basque Terrorist Group Designation - Text of Executive Order 13224 which now includes ETA-associated Basque groups Batasuna, Euskal Herritarrok, and Herri Batasuna. This blocks property and prohibits transactions with persons who commit, threaten to commit, or support terrorism.
Meta Description: [ usinfo.state.gov UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF STATE ]
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