Cryptography (or cryptology) is a discipline of mathematics and, in modern times, of computer science concerned with information security and related issues, particularly encryption and authentication and other applications such as access control.
Cryptography, as an interdisciplinary subject, draws on several fields. Prior to the early 20th century, cryptography was chiefly concerned with linguistic patterns. Since then, the emphasis has shifted, and cryptography now makes extensive use of mathematics, including aspects of information theory, computational complexity, statistics, combinatorics, and especially number theory. Cryptography is a branch of engineering, but an unusual one as it deals with active, intelligent and malevolent opposition (see cryptographic engineering and security engineering). There is also active research examining the relationship between cryptographic problems and quantum physics (see quantum cryptography and quantum computing).
Cryptography is a central part of the techniques used in computer and network security for such things as access control and information confidentiality. Cryptography is used in many applications that touch everyday life; the security of ATM cards, computer passwords, and electronic commerce all depend on cryptography.
More on [ Cryptography ]
Encryption and Privacy :: Clients
Cryptography :: Communication Theory
Internet :: Computers

BBC News - Encryption - The Great Debate - National security or the empowerment of Big Brother? Opposing forces in the great encryption battle say that it is going to be one or the other.
Meta Description: [ National security or the empowerment of Big Brother? Opposing forces in the great encryption battle say it is going to be one or the other. ]
CDT Encryption Issues Page - Information and news about cryptography related legislation in the United States. Very pro-crypto.
Center for Democracy and Technology - Encryption Issues - Pro-crypto resources and news about cryptography related legislation in the United States from the CDT
Crypto Law Survey - Gives an overview of existing laws and regulations with entries per country on import/export controls, domestic laws, developments to restrict or promote cryptography.
Cryptography Links - Information on cryptography and information security.
Meta Description: [ This page contains links and pointers to other web pages dealing with
cryptography and information security, Strong Cryptography, Blowfish, DES, c2 Net, DigiCash, Cybercash,
Cryptography and Security, IEEE, NSA, Applied Cryptography, Information Security, Prime Numbers, RC5-64,
distributed.net,... ]
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Cryptography: Scientific Freedom and Human Rights Issues - U.S. Congressional briefing: Was held to bring two more issues into the policy discussion: scientific freedom to conduct and express cryptographic research, and human rights applications of cryptographic technologies.
Data Encryption Standard (DES) - Lay Networks - Information about the Data Encryption Standard (DES) and its JavaScript implementation.
Meta Description: [ Information about the Data Encryption Standard (DES) and its JavaScript implementation. ]
Hermetic Systems: Cryptography - Explanation of encryption, ECHELON, multiple file encryption software, and why you need encryption.
Meta Description: [ Explanation of encryption, ECHELON, software for secure storage and for secure deletion. ]
How the Internet Will Be Censored - A Parable - Parable by Perry E. Metzger. In a land of transparent trees, the invention of paint causes the government to pass laws to maintain its spying abilities.
ITAR Civil Disobedience - Protest against cryptography export restrictions in the USA. Become an illegal international arms trafficker with one click. List of known arms traffickers.
Libertarians for Privacy Headquarters - Help promote freedom of privacy by trying to crack both weak and strong keys, to prove a right to privacy should be protected.
Major Encryption Legislation - 106th Congress, SAFE HR 850.
Michael Froomkin's homepage - Contains links to many articles about legal aspects of encryption, including Clipper Chip, export control, privacy, anonymity
Parrhesia - Documents related to encryption policy and regulation.
RC5 Cracking Project at Distributed.net - Distributed.net demonstrates regularly that the kinds of encryption the US government allows is hopelessly weak, while the kind they ban is the only kind that ensures privacy. This is done by distributing clients which crack test keys, with money to the first to break a key...the legal ones take days, the illegal ones take years.
STAND Adopt An MP - Adopt your UK Members of Parliament and educate them about encryption issues.
Meta Description: [ The Stand weblog. ]
The Definition of National Encryption Policies - Analysis of public policies related to the encryption of personal data. Special focus on US and France, as countries which historically have had strong encryption controls.
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