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Addiction is a chronic disorder proposed to be precipitated by a combination of genetic, biological/pharmacological and social factors. Addiction is characterized by the repeated use of substances or behaviors despite clear evidence of morbidity secondary to such use.
There is a lack of consensus as to what may properly be termed 'addiction.' Some within the medical community maintain a rigid definition of addiction and contend that the term is only applicable to a process of escalating drug or alcohol use as a result of repeated exposure. However, addiction is often applied to compulsive behaviors other than drug use, such as overeating or gambling. These behavioral addictions, however, almost never exist without another addiction to some substance . In all cases, the term addiction describes a chronic pattern of behavior that continues and is perceived to be hard or impossible to quit at any time. It is quite common for an addict to express the desire to stop the behavior, but find himself or herself unable to cease.
Addiction is often characterized by an ongoing effort to use more (drug or behavior), tolerance, and withdrawal symptoms in the absence of the stimulus. Many drugs and behaviors that provide either pleasure or relief from pain pose a risk of addiction or dependency.
More on [ Addiction ]
#shoutout to @LULIE1922 for having the fastest addiction EVER.. You need to steer clear of nicotine and pcp... #realrap lmao!
KJRansome1911 (Kyree Ransome) Tue, 15 Dec 2009 18:09:11 -0000
#shoutout to @LULIE1922 for having the fastest addiction EVER.. You need to steer clear of nicotine and pcp... #realrap lmao!
yeah. I'm a little done right now. It literally hurts to type. And I can barely stand up to feed my nicotine addiction. too tired to sleep.
jacsatellite (Jacjac Thomas) Sat, 12 Dec 2009 06:20:36 -0000
yeah. I'm a little done right now. It literally hurts to type. And I can barely stand up to feed my nicotine addiction. too tired to sleep.
b wrote a new blog post: Nicotine Addiction Remedies and Cure http://bit.ly/6eec05
preampcc (phuket tho15ngsom) Sat, 12 Dec 2009 05:54:50 -0000
b wrote a new blog post: Nicotine Addiction Remedies and Cure http://bit.ly/6eec05
@bigpoppacrunk that's because you're a nicotine addiction and a habit for screwing over my friends away from him. (jokes bro!)
ralphspekt (Charlie Ralph) Thu, 10 Dec 2009 22:07:54 -0000
@bigpoppacrunk that's because you're a nicotine addiction and a habit for screwing over my friends away from him. (jokes bro!)
waiting on slow poke to get outta class. @SpunDoc mary jane is calling! and so is my nicotine addiction. ;)
aubsraexo (aubrey rae.) Thu, 10 Dec 2009 15:26:16 -0000
waiting on slow poke to get outta class. @SpunDoc mary jane is calling! and so is my nicotine addiction. ;)
my face hurts. tstupid wnd and nicotine addiction
abpersonality (Nicole) Thu, 10 Dec 2009 13:34:39 -0000
my face hurts. tstupid wnd and nicotine addiction
Industry Executives Knew Nicotine Addictive - What the industry knew, and when it knew it, are the issues examined in this article.
Meta Description: [ Personalized Medical Information ans Services ]
Manipulating Addictiveness of Tobacco - Once secret industry memos and other court-released documents address industry manipulation of tobacco's addictive properties.
Meta Description: [ State of Oregon: Tobacco Prevention Program ]
Nicotine and Addiction: the Brown and Williamson Documents - Once-secret memos show the tobacco industry had a sophisticated and scientifically accurate understanding of nicotine pharmacology, including an explicit recognition of nicotine's addictiveness, more than 30 years ago.
Meta Description: [ JAMA, the Journal of the American Medical Association, is a highly cited weekly medical journal that publishes peer-reviewed new medical research findings and editorial opinions on a wide variety of topics important to clinical practice and biomedical science. JAMA has the largest circulation of ... ]
Philip Morris Tried to `Bury' Damaging Nicotine Research - News article; secret memos reveal that Philip Morris officials suggested that internal documents about research should be destroyed, and negative information should be kept secret.
Prying Open the Door to the Tobacco Industry's Secrets About Nicotine - AMA scientific article. Tobacco industry documents reveal that for decades, the industry knew and internally acknowledged that nicotine is an addictive drug and cigarettes are the ultimate nicotine delivery device; that nicotine addiction can be perpetuated and even enhanced through cigarette design alterations and manipulations.
Meta Description: [ JAMA, the Journal of the American Medical Association, is a highly cited weekly medical journal that publishes peer-reviewed new medical research findings and editorial opinions on a wide variety of topics important to clinical practice and biomedical science. JAMA has the largest circulation of ... ]
Secrets of BAT Industries - Inside the restricted laboratory compound on the south coast of England, five senior scientists for BAT Industries, the world's second-biggest cigarette maker, were devising ways to make it harder for people to quit smoking...
Secrets of Big Tobacco - News article follows the trial of industry memos that discuss how and why to manipulate cigarette chemistry.
Timeline: Chemical Manipulation of Tobacco Products - Industry documents over time reveal the history of product engineering for addiction.
Meta Description: [ The easiest way to search over 4 million tobacco industry documents. ]
Why and How a Cigarette Maker Created a More Addictive Tobacco - Article on tobacco industry research into nicotine and addiction, and RD efforts to engineer more addictive product.
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