The word critic comes from the Greek κριτικός, kritikós - one who discerns, which itself arises from the Ancient Greek word κριτής, krités, meaning a person who offers reasoned judgement or analysis, value judgement, interpretation, or observation. The term can also be used to describe an adherent of a position disagreeing with or opposing the object of criticism.
Modern critics include professionals or amateurs who regularly judge or interpret performances or other works (such as that of artists, scientists, musicians or actors) and, typically, publish their observations, often in periodicals. Critics are numerous in certain fields, including art critics, music critics, film critics, theatre or drama, restaurant and scientific publication critics.
More on [ Critic ]

Tobacco Industry Activity in the U.S. - Reports on industry activity by state; extensive and recent reports available for Arizona, California, Colorado, Florida, Massachusetts, Missouri, Mississippi, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Texas, Washington, and Wisconsin.
Government - 1993 Philip Morris memo reveals much about industry strategy and tactics for influencing government.
Meta Description: [ This 1993 document, ]
Soft Dollar Summary for the 105th Congress - From the Center for Responsive Politics: the scorecard on who among your elected representives took tobacco money.
The Lobbies - The cigarette industry knows its way around Capitol Hill and usually gets what it wants...Polls show that most Americans support strong anti-smoking laws, but only a handful have passed. Most have died in Congress. Cigarette companies are the masters of inside lobbying, the money game
Meta Description: [ This Web site, provided by the Public Broadcasting Service (PBS), is home to more than 350 television show companion sites in addition to Web-original sites. PBS Online hosts interactive content for everyone including kids, parents, educators, and the general audience. ]
The Power Game: Interview with Henry Waxman (D-CA) - PBS: The Tobacco Lobby: Money, grassroots, and telemarketing.
Meta Description: [ This Web site, provided by the Public Broadcasting Service (PBS), is home to more than 350 television show companion sites in addition to Web-original sites. PBS Online hosts interactive content for everyone including kids, parents, educators, and the general audience. ]
The Power Game: Interview with Mike Pertschuk - Industry funding of other groups to lobby for tobacco or not to lobby against tobacco; stealth lobbying; money; front groups.
Meta Description: [ This Web site, provided by the Public Broadcasting Service (PBS), is home to more than 350 television show companion sites in addition to Web-original sites. PBS Online hosts interactive content for everyone including kids, parents, educators, and the general audience. ]
Air Tobacco: Campaign Travel on Tobacco Industry Jets - Report on tobacco industry giving free jet travel to politicians.
Big Tobacco and Astroturf - Tobacco industry documents show how the industry creates and uses fake grass-roots groups (astroturf) to lobby.
Big Tobacco Crashes the Party by Funding Fetes - Seattle Times article on tobacco money at the 2000 DNC convention. Barred from the official sponsor status at the convention, the industry instead gave undisclosed and unregulated gifts to buy private parties for lawmakers.
Meta Description: [ seattletimes.com: Northwest news and information from the Seattle Times. Daily local news, sports, arts and entertainment, and classified ads. ]
Big Tobacco's Dollars Douse Push for Fire-Safe Cigarettes - LATimes article.
Meta Description: [ Everything for everybody concerned about smoking from ASH, a 30-year-old national antismoking organization entirely supported by tax-deductible contributions. ]
Big Tobacco's Front Groups for Tort Reform - Tobacco industry documents show how the industry created and funded dozens of front groups.
Big Tobacco's Spends $81,000 per Member of Congress on Lobbying in First Half of 1998 - Report on spending in 1998.
Blowing Smoke: Big Tobacco's 1998 Lobbying Skyrockets - Tobacco companies spent record amounts in the first half of 1998: an average of $81,000 for each member of Congress. Public Citizen report.
Bush White House May Blow Smoke at War on Tobacco - Covers tobacco connections, money, and influences in George W. Bush's administration, and considers what it's buying.
Buying Influence, Selling Death - Report from the Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids breaks down tobacco industry political spending by state, party, and soft versus hard money, and finds that Congress and political parties have taken more than $8 million in tobacco cash in the most recent election cycle.
Meta Description: [ Working to expose Big Tobacco's lies, the Campaign reveals the truth about the deadly effects of smoking, tobacco's corporate public relations campaigns to convince the public that it is a reformed industry, and the advertising and marketing tactics tobacco companies use to entice youth as their ... ]
California's Gov. Wilson Sabotaged Anti-Tobacco Effort, Groups Charge - Article in the Christian Science Monitor covers Wilson's efforts.
Cancer Converts Tobacco Lobbyist - Victor Crawford, retired tobacco industry lobbyist dying of cancer, gives a revealing interview on what he did for the industry.
Meta Description: [ GASP of Colorado (Group to alleviate Smoking Pollution) is a statewide nonprofit organization that works to promote smoke-free policies and educate the public about the dangers of secondhand smoke. ]
Center for Responsible Politics: Tobacco Tally - Shows House and Senate recipients of tobacco money for 1995-96 and 1997-98 by name; summary information from 1979 through 1998.
Cigarette Company Documents Outline Strategy to Derail Global Tobacco Treaty - British American Tobacco memos reveal the company's campaign to undermine international tobacco control measures.
Congress Watch Publications - Public Citizens publications on tobacco industry influence on the U.S. Congress.
CorpWatch: Bush Administration Tobacco Industry Ties - Article on the tobacco industry ties of senior members of the Bush administration.
CRP: Tobacco Tally - Center for Responsive Politics has a snapshot of what Big Tobacco is contributing to Congress, and who's getting the money
Delivering for Dollars - Report from Public Citizen includes timeline showing tobacco contributions to Congress and Congressional action on tobacco bills.
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Direct Lobbying of Political Parties by the Tobacco Industry - Industry documents show how Philip Morris ran its campaign in Australia, and which politicians took money from the tobacco giant.
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Donatations to Australian Parties - Itemizes donations to Australians political parties by date and amount.
George W. Bush: Calling for Philip Morris - Article in The Nation covers George W. Bush's tobacco connections, his record on tobacco.
Meta Description: [ Everything for People Concerned About Smoking. ]
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Good Times for Tobacco Lobbyists - News article: members of Congress have received millions in campaign contributions from tobacco companies for years, but the money and manpower dedicated to the industry's lobbying efforts outweighs its federal election spending by nearly eight to one
Grassroots - Public Citizen report on the tobacco industry's influence on the grassroots campaign for liability limits.
House Speaker's Trip Paid For by Philip Morris - Kentucky House Speaker Jody Richards acceptance of a 5-day trip to Costa Rica becomes an issue when it's learned that it was paid for by Philip Morris; short article.
Industry Donations Favor Bush, Republican - Philip Morris is the second biggest contributor to the GOP in the current election; Center for Reponsive Politics report identifies top 10 Congressional recipients of tobacco money
Involvement in the Political Process - Reviews court- released documents, mostly industry memos, that address specific industry political efforts to defeat or preempt enactment of laws and regulations.
Meta Description: [ State of Oregon: Tobacco Prevention Program ]
Involvement in the Political Process - Once secret industry memos and documents address specific industry political efforts to defeat or preempt enactment of tobacco laws and regulations.
Meta Description: [ State of Oregon: Tobacco Prevention Program ]
Jesse Helms's honeypot - Column by Russ Baker comments on the Helms Center, and why the tobacco industry is a heavy funder.
Kicking the (US) Habit - Despite months of diplomatic arm-twisting, the Bush administration's tobacco-friendly treaty demands have gone up in flames, and a strong Framework Convention on Tobacco Control is going forward.
Meta Description: [ despite months of diplomatic arm-twisting, the bush administration's tobacco-friendly treaty demands have gone up in flames., Despite months of diplomatic arm-twisting, the Bush administration's tobacco-friendly treaty demands have gone up in flames. ]
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Lobbying the Attorneys General - A two-day retreat of golf, tennis, and a world-class spa sparks questions over whether the Republican Attorneys General Association is accepting money from interests including tobacco.
Meta Description: [ DallasNews.com is the official website for The Dallas Morning News newspaper, Dallas trusted source for DFW area news, sports, weather, and more. ]
Molly Ivins on Tobacco Bill Death - Columnist Molly Ivans comments on the lobbying behind the death of the McCain tobacco bill.
On the Money Trail With GOP - ABC News report says tobacco money gets tobacco lobbyists access in Washington.
Meta Description: [ On the Money Trail With GOP ]
Pack Contributions: Tobacco lobbyists do a smokin' business with politicians - Recent reports identify Philip Morris as the single largest contributor to politicians. A report on Colorado politicians who've taken money, and what Big Tobacco has gotten in return.
Meta Description: [ When Philip Morris tells a politician it wants to make a contribution, it's not just blowing smoke.
A recent Los Angeles Times report pegs the maker of Marlboro cigarettes as the single largest c ]
Pay To Play: Special Interest Money in the 1997 New Jersey Legislative Elections - Report from the Center for Analysis of Public Issues covers following the money; Philip Morris and tobacco money are mentioned.
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Philip Morris -- Checkbook Democracy - INFACT report on Philip Morris's lobbying against FDA regulation.
Philip Morris is Top Contributor to GOP - Tobacco giant Philip Morris was the number one source of campaign money to the Republican party in the 2001-2002 election cycle, a report finds.
Meta Description: [ Top donors report, October 2002 ]
Philip Morris' Latest Smoke Screen - BusinessWeek news analysis finds Philip Morris's call for FDA regulation has little to do with health -- and a lot to do with self-interest.
Politicians Getting Indirect Tobacco Money - Washington Post article shows how tobacco money streams into policians through stealth channels, such as Kraft foods for Philip Morris.
Meta Description: [ Everything for Everybody Concerned About Smoking and Nonsmokers' Rights from ASH, a 30-Year-Old National Legal-Action Antismoking and Nonsmokers' Rights Organization Entirely Supported by Tax-Deductible Contributions. ]
Pro-tobacco group sponsors retreat for lawmakers - Dozens of congressmen and congressional aides spent the weekend at a lavish resort in a getaway sponsored by the tobacco industry's lobbying group.
Meta Description: [ seattletimes.com: Northwest news and information from the Seattle Times. Daily local news, sports, arts and entertainment, and classified ads. ]
Pro-tobacco lobbying expenditures - 1992 data briefly examined.
Regulating the Tobacco Industry: Congress Takes a Bye - Public Integrity report on death of the McCain bill.
Republican National Committees - The tobacco industry is a top giver of soft money to both political parties, but lately Republicans have been getting about 80% of tobacco money.
Secondhand Diplomacy - After closed-door meetings with cigarette makers, the Bush administration is seeking to derail a global tobacco treaty.
Meta Description: [ After closed-door meetings with cigarette makers, the Bush administration is seeking to derail a global tobacco treaty. ]
Senate Tobacco PAC Money and 1998 Tobacco Votes - Report from Public Citizen.
Serious Money: The Top 100 Contributors - The number one contributor to political parties in 1995-96 was Philip Morris, the largest tobacco company in the world. This report lists all of the top 100 contributors.
Sweethearts of Big Tobacco Report - Who are the top ten tobacco PAC recipients in the Senate? How about the House? This report tells all! Some well-known names, including elected officials involved in national legislation affecting Big Tobacco.
Texans for Public Justice Lobby Watch - Reports on lobbying in the state of Texas include reports on tobacco industry activity: Rove a Mile for a CamelSecond-Hand SmokeDeath Merchants Hire More AccomplicesPhilip Morris' Newest SmokersHealth Hypocrisy, and Tobacco Spends Big Bucks for Political Favor
The Buying of the Congress - Transcripts, David Kessler - Public Integrity interview with David Kessler, MD, Ph.D. Topics include tobacco industry lobbying, power, money, and strategies in Washington.
The Buying of the Congress - Transcripts, Henry Waxman - Public Integrity interview with Congressman Henry Waxman. Not entirely about tobacco, but substantial material.
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The Inhalers - They may not smoke tobacco products, but some in Congress are addicted to the industry's money. Common Cause on tobacco money in Congress: how much, who gets it, and what it buys.
The Lack Of Corporate Accountability - Column by Molly Ivans reviews PAC and soft money, including tobacco money, spent in 1997.
The Marlboro Hombres - Report on Costa Rica vacation enjoyed by two Colorado legislators, courtesy of Philip Morris.
Meta Description: [ It was the blackberries, not the cigarettes, that most impressed state senator Ray Powers when he visited sunny Costa Rica for six days this summer as a guest of tobacco giant Philip Morris.
A hig ]
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The Politics of Tobacco - Northwestern University School of Journalism coverage of tobacco industry lobbying.
The Quiet Victory of the Cigarette Lobby - Article originally published in 1965 in the Atlantic Monthly looks at the tobacco industry's power in Congress.
The Secret Campaign by Big Tobacco To Take Away Individual Rights - Extensive documentation on ATRA and CALA, a PR campaign organized and financed by the tobacco industry to weaken individual civil justice rights.
The Struggle centred on Brussels - Industry lobbying in Europe focusses its efforts in Brussels; Philip Morris is the strongest player, putting 40 lawyers into place to lobby 20 Commissioners, for example.
The Tobacco Industry Successful Efforts to Control Tobacco Policy Making in Switzerland - UCSF report. Executive summaries in German, English, and French. Full report in English.
The Tobacco Presidency - Essay discusses the tobacco connections of George W. Bush.
Meta Description: [ The bipartisan bill empowering the FDA to regulate tobacco, doesn't stand a chance under the tobacco-indebted George W. Bush. From the Gully. ]
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Tobacco Diplomacy - Tobacco industry contributions to U.S. political parties and figures were followed by U.S. pressure on other countries to drop their tobacco regulation.
Tobacco firms Dip Deep to Lobby Hard - A.P. reporting on industry lobbying.
Tobacco Industry Attempts to Subvert European Union Tobacco Advertising Legislation - Research report on tobacco industry programs aimed at defeating EU legislation governing tobacco advertising and promotion.
Tobacco Industry Funded Campaign Against Wyoming Smokefree Restaurants - The tobacco industry funded more than three-quarters of a campaign against a proposed Wyoming restaurant smoking ban.
Tobacco Industry Influence in the Eastern Mediterranean Region - Documentary evidence on tobacco industry collusion in the Middle East, tobacco industry lobbying, attempts to influence political figures and the media, campaigns to defeat tobacco advertising bans, smokefree laws, manufacturing regulations, cigarette taxes.
Tobacco Industry Spent $10.6 Million to Lobby Congress in First Half of 2003 - As Congress conducted negotiations over major tobacco legislation for the first time in years, the tobacco industry spent over $10 million to lobby Congress, over $116,000 every day Congress was in sessoin.
Tobacco Industry Spent More Than $20 Million to Lobby Congress in 2002 - New report totals that cash the tobacco industry spent to lobby Congress in 2002: over $100,000 per day every day Congress was in session, not even including campaign conributions.
Tobacco Institute Lobbying report for 1989 - Internal tobacco industry document outlines its lobbying activities in 1989 such as pre-empting local smokefree laws.
Meta Description: [ This document shows that in the United States, the tobacco industry develops and implements its own legislation in the states. In the U.S., we used to have a democracy in which citizens could enact their own laws at the local level on any topic, but since so many people wanted clean indoor air la... ]
Tobacco Lobbying Continues - Each day that Congress meets, the nation's four largest cigarette manufacturers spend more than $100,000 pushing their agenda on Capitol Hill. News article explains how the money is spent.
Tobacco lobbying in the 1996 primary - How Philip Morris paid for presidential debates, and bought goodies for reporters at the party convention.
Tobacco Lobbying Outlays Soared in 1998 - Covers money spent and industry resoures invested, e.g. putting 192 lobbyists into Washington, about one for every three members of Congress Names the major lobbying firms and lobbyists used.
Tobacco Lobying in 1997 and 1998 - Shows amounts spent by each tobacco company, both lobbying and campaign cash, for all election cycles since 1990.
Meta Description: [ Top contributors of political donations from the Tobacco industry. ]
Tobacco PAC Contributions - Senate and House recipients of tobacco cash between 1997 and 2000, along with amount taken by each recipient.
Tobacco PAC Contributions and 1998 Tobacco Votes - Analysis of votes on a major tobacco bill includes a complete listing of every Senator, their vote, and how much money their campaign has taken from the tobacco industry.
Tobacco PAC money: how it works - Report from the Center for Responsibe Politics on tobacco money taken by Congress and voting records on bills affecting the tobacco industry.
Tobacco Political Action Committees, 2000 - Summary of political action committee giving by tobacco company, comes to about $2.4 million, broken down by company.
Meta Description: [ Summaries of political action committee
giving for the current election cycle, broken down by industry and individual PAC.
Based on public records compiled by the Federal Election Commission.
This public service is made available by the Center for Responsive Politics,
a non-partisan, non-prof... ]
Tobacco Wars: Canada - Article in the Canadian Medical Association Journal describes the tobacco industry's power in Canada.
Tobacco: Long Term Contribution Trends - Summarizes trends of $42 million of tobacco cash spent on political campaigns for 10 years. Broken out by party, and soft/PAC money.
Meta Description: [ Ten-year political donations summary for the Tobacco industry. ]
Tobacco: Political Issues - Chapter from the Tobacco Reference Guide covers tobacco lobbying and influencing in politics at the state, local, and federal (US) level.
Tommy Thompson and Tobacco - Report on the tobacco money, tobacco record, and tobacco industry connections of Bush appointee Tommy Thompson, director of HHS, in charge of CDC, NCI, and the Surgeon General's office.
Meta Description: [ Tobacco BBS WebPage: tobacco issues, tobacco & smoking-related news, addresses, history, movie & book lists, health info, quit-smoking, -smokeless tobacco tips. ]
Top All-Time Givers To Congress: Philip Morris - Profile of Philip Morris, one of the top all-time givers of money to Congress, provides 12 year itemized totals, breakout by party and by year.
Meta Description: [ Organization profiles ]
Top Recipients: Tobacco - Identifies top takers of tobacco cash among candidates for elected office.
Meta Description: [ Top recipients of political donations from the Tobacco industry. ]
U.S. House Votes on Federal Tobacco Lawsuit Show Influence of Tobacco Campaign Contributions - Analysis shows that House members who voted to protect the tobacco industry have taken over five times as much tobacco money as those voting to support the federal lawsuit.
U.S. Support for Tobacco Overseas: Going Out of Business? - Industry influence in different administrations is compared.
Meta Description: [ Support for Tobacco Trade: Up in Smoke ]
Undermining Popular Government: Tobacco Industry Political Expenditures in California, 1993-1994 - Documents how the tobacco industry influences law in California.
Victor Crawford on 60 Minutes - Interview with ex-tobacco industry lobbyist Victor Crawford, on how the industry influences Washington.
Warning: Philip Morris Wants Regulation - Independent analysis of Philip Morris's call for regulation finds ways Philip Morris's proposed regulation would protect the industry, not the customer.
Washingtonpost.com: Big Tobacco Filters Into Campaign Coffers - Many different ways an elected official can take tobacco money; this article summarizes.
White House Sought to Soften Anti-Terrorism Legislation in Support of Tobacco Companies - As Congress passsed a bill aimed at cracking down on terrorists, tobacco lobbyists tried to insert language into the measure that would protect the tobacco industry from lawsuits; Public Integrity reports.
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