The word critic comes from the Greek κριτικός, kritikós - one who discerns, which itself arises from the Ancient Greek word κριτής, krités, meaning a person who offers reasoned judgement or analysis, value judgement, interpretation, or observation. The term can also be used to describe an adherent of a position disagreeing with or opposing the object of criticism.
Modern critics include professionals or amateurs who regularly judge or interpret performances or other works (such as that of artists, scientists, musicians or actors) and, typically, publish their observations, often in periodicals. Critics are numerous in certain fields, including art critics, music critics, film critics, theatre or drama, restaurant and scientific publication critics.
More on [ Critic ]
Junk Science :: Opposing Views
Opposing Views :: Public Relations

The National Smokers Alliance: Exposed - ANR report on the NSA. The goal of this piece is to reveal the origins, modus operandi, and game plan of the National Smokers Alliance, a smokers' rights front group created and funded by Big Tobacco to protect its profits.
Meta Description: [ Americans for Nonsmokers' Rights (ANR) works to pass legislation at all levels of government to protect nonsmokers from secondhand smoke and protect youth from tobacco addiction. The American Nonsmokers' Rights Foundation (ANRF), ANR's educational arm, promotes smoking prevention and education ab... ]
in a Corporate Way - Article explores the Cato Institute's funding and advocacy, which include large tobacco industry funding and advocacy for the industry.
Meta Description: [ Using systematic outreach, IPA gains exposure for progressive perspectives commonly excluded in the mainstream media on the environment, human rights, foreign policy, economic justice and many other issues. ]
Organizations - Documentation on tobacco industry covert funding and organization of pro-smoking efforts in the hospitality industry.
to the National Restaurant Association - Explains how the tobacco industry used this restaurant trade group as a front to fight smokefree workplaces.
Meta Description: [ Americans for Nonsmokers' Rights (ANR) works to pass legislation at all levels of government to protect nonsmokers from secondhand smoke and protect youth from tobacco addiction. The American Nonsmokers' Rights Foundation (ANRF), ANR's educational arm, promotes smoking prevention and education ab... ]
A Worldwide Tour of Outrageous PM and BAT Behavior - Short descriptions of the marketing and promotional activities of Philip Morris and British American Tobacco in a wide range of countries.
ACLU and Big Tobacco - Secret documents reveal ACLU ties to the tobacco industry. Find out how taking $1,000,000 from the tobacco industry may have changed the ACLU's positions.
American Heart Association: Tobacco Industry's Targeting of Youth, Minorities, and Woman - Describes efforts of the tobacco industry, with reference to the Joe Camel campaign, and the brands Uptown, Virginia Slims, and Dakota.
Meta Description: [ The American Heart Association supports legislation that seeks to restrict or prohibit tobacco advertising, promotion and marketing to young people, minorities or women. The American Heart Association also works in partnership with the National Center for Tobacco-Free Kids on this important issue. ]
404
An Open-ended Attack on the Public Interest - PRWatch article on tobacco industry use of PR firms and front groups to push tort reform
Astro-Turf: Bogus Grass-Roots Groups and the Tobacco Industry - How the tobacco industry uses bogus grass-roots groups to oppose local smoking laws. Thorough look at the National Smokers Alliance (NSA). Article from the Pacific Sun.
Meta Description: [ How the tobacco industry uses bogus grass-roots groups to oppose local smoking laws. From the Pacific Sun (Marin County, Calif.), March 13-19, 1996. ]
404
Baltimore Sun Cigar Coverage - Summary of series of articles that appeared in the Baltimore Sun about the marketing of cigars in the 1980s.
Big Tobacco and Rupe - Secret documents show that Philip Morris loves Rupert Murdoch's tobacco-friendly media. He's also just happens to be on their board.
Meta Description: [ Secret documents show that Philip Morris loves Rupert Murdoch's tobacco-friendly media. That might explain why he's on their board. ]
Big Tobacco Gambles the American Gaming Association's Credibility - Documents how the tobacco industry has used the AGA as a public third party to fight smokefree policies.
Meta Description: [ Americans for Nonsmokers' Rights (ANR) works to pass legislation at all levels of government to protect nonsmokers from secondhand smoke and protect youth from tobacco addiction. The American Nonsmokers' Rights Foundation (ANRF), ANR's educational arm, promotes smoking prevention and education ab... ]
Big Tobacco Rides East - Describes smuggling and the marketing of tobacco products in Vietnam.
Meta Description: [ With a squinting cowboy, cute cigarette girls, an American allure, and a poorly funded opposition ]
404
Big Tobacco Smothers Latin America - Article on U.S. tobacco companies and their promotional and marketing efforts in Latin America; cites examples, summarizes.
Meta Description: [ IN DEPTH AT americas.org APRIL 1999 Mundo de Marlboro Big Tobacco smothers Latin America This report is adapted from Ross Hammond s work for the San Francisco Tobacco Free Project and the San Francisco Tobacco Free Coalition. The U.S. West is ruled ]
Big Tobacco's Front Groups and Allies - Americans for Nonsmokers' Rights report covers a number of front groups used by the tobacco industry to fight smokefree policies.
Meta Description: [ Americans for Nonsmokers' Rights (ANR) works to pass legislation at all levels of government to protect nonsmokers from secondhand smoke and protect youth from tobacco addiction. The American Nonsmokers' Rights Foundation (ANRF), ANR's educational arm, promotes smoking prevention and education ab... ]
Big Tobacco's Global Reach - The Reagan and Bush administrations used their econinmic and political clout to pry open markets in Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand and China for American cigarettes.
Cancer Cash: Light Up. Be Cool. Drop Dead. - Article about R. J. Reynolds tobacco promotion at bars and clubs catering to young people in Seattle area.
Meta Description: [ >metadescription< ]
Cigarette Push Defies Law's Spirit - News article on new tobacco industry marketing technique: approaching shoppers in grocery and convenience stores.
Cigars: The Shaping of an Illusion - Baltimore Sun articles examine the cigar boom of the 1980s, and cigar industry manipulation of media to promote the product.
Meta Description: [ Baltimore Sun article examines cigar boom, cigar industry manipulation of media to promote product. Describes long-term, subtle public relation campaign in which cigar makers targeted news media, planting news stories and letters to the editor, positioning cigars as status symbol with appeal to ... ]
Corporate Lapdog Poses as Citizen Watchdog - Covers Contributions Watch, a fraud which pretended to expose special-interest money in elections, was secretly created and controlled by a lobby shop paid for by special-interest money.
Designer front group - Documents origins of TASSC.
Meta Description: [ After the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) declared secondhand smoke as a Class A Human Carcinogen, however, PM desperately needed a powerful ]
Double Standards of U.S. Tobacco Companies in International Cigarette Labeling - Report from Public Citizen examines cigarette pack warning labels in 45 countries. Conclusion: what Philip Morris says about its product varies by country.
Essential Action Condemns USTR Pressure on Korea - The U.S. Trade Representative is up to its bad, old tricks, working on behalf of Big Tobacco, said Weissman of the group Essential Action; item has the story.
Exporting the Epidemic: Tobacco and the Third World - Book chapter discusses tobacco promotion in developing countries and the third world.
FAIR: Media Moguls on Board - Cato Institute board member Rupert Murdoch is also a Philip Morris board member; Cato has taken money from Philip Morris and RJR.
Meta Description: [ Last fall, when News Corporation owner Rupert Murdoch joined the board of directors at the Cato Institute, the announcement went unreported in major media. Perhaps it seemed routine for one of the world\'s most powerful media moguls to take a leadership po ]
India Inhales - Describes tobacco promotion efforts in India, and efforts to combat it.
Marlboro Man Goes East - Report on industry activity in Germany, Poland, Hungary, Bulgaria, and other East European nations.
404
Marlboro Man Goes Overseas - Op-Ed examines Philip Morris cigarette promotion in Asia, Russia, Central Europe and Latin America.
Marlboro Man Rides High as Smoking, Death Rates Soar - Radio Free Europe reports on tobacco industry marketing in central and eastern Europe.
Meta Description: [ Radio Free Europe / Radio Liberty is an international news and broadcast organization serving Central and Eastern Europe, the Caucasus, Central Asia, Russia, the Middle East and Balkan countries ]
Marlboro Man Rides into Russia - Short CNN article on tobacco industry activity in Russia.
500
Opening Pandora's Box - SFWeekly article covers industry activity in California between 1988 and 1993, primarily diversion of Prop. 99 funds; politicians who helped the industry; industry use of PR firms, lobbyists, and front groups.
Philip Morris Paid Rick Berman and Center for Consumer Freedom - Expose of Rick Berman and the Center for Consumer Freedom documents payments totallying $2,950,000 from tobacco giant Philip Morris to Rick Bermman.
Meta Description: [ The Center for Consumer Freedom attacks anyone who criticizes smoking, fast-food, or alcohol - from PETA to Mothers Against Drunk Driving (MADD) to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). ]
PR Watch: Tobacco Front Group Exposed! - Special-interest Watchdogs exposed as tobacco industry front group.
Project SCUM - Article in San Franscisco Weekly; tobacco industry documents expose an R.J. Reynolds marketing plan targeting S.F. gays and homeless people. Its name: Project SCUM.
Meta Description: [ In its efforts to increase cigarette sales in the mid-1990s, tobacco company R.J. Reynolds hit on a novel bit of niche marketing in San Francisco, according to recently uncovered documents. It created ]
Public-Interest Pretenders - According to Consumer Reports, no one plays the public-interest pretender game better than the tobacco industry; this article explains.
Rite Aid Is Taking A Stand - Photo essay reveals Rite Aid's pro-smoking activities and questions its claim to be against heart disease in women.
RJR's Field Force Unravelled - Reports names RJR field operatives in charge of coordinating and developing the smoker's rights movement and how much they were paid.
Meta Description: [ GASP of Colorado (Group to alleviate Smoking Pollution) is a statewide nonprofit organization that works to promote smoke-free policies and educate the public about the dangers of secondhand smoke. ]
Skeptic's Dictionary: The Junk Science Page - Charges that The Junk Science Page is not about junk science so much as it is about anything which does not support a conservative, Rush Limbaugh type, political agenda.
Meta Description: [ over 400 skeptical definitions and essays
on occult, paranormal,supernatural and pseudoscientific
ideas and practices with references to the best skeptical literature ]
Smoke Screen: Big Tobacco is Working Hard to Ensure the Whole World will Get Its Taste Of Freedom - Article from Hamburg, Germany, explores Philip Morris cigarette promotion worldwide.
Smoke Screen: U.S. Tobacco Overseas - Transcript of radio program on promotion of tobacco in developing countries by U.S. tobacco giants.
Meta Description: [ The U.S. tobacco industry is paying record-breaking settlements to states and consumer groups for health care costs related to smoking cigarettes. But to what extent are multibillion dollar losses in court really hurting the industry as U.S. tobacco companies rush overseas. On this program, we ta... ]
SmokeFree Air Newsletter, Summer, 1995 - Short summary of front groups used to oppose NYC smokefree ordinance.
Meta Description: [ Tobacco News, information, opinion ]
Smoker Group's Thick Wallet Raises Questions - LATimes article on the National Smokers Alliance documents the gap between its claimed membership and dues members paid.
Meta Description: [ GASP of Colorado (Group to alleviate Smoking Pollution) is a statewide nonprofit organization that works to promote smoke-free policies and educate the public about the dangers of secondhand smoke. ]
Strange Bedfellows: the Tobacco Industry and the Massachusetts Restaurant Association - Covers history of the collaboration, and examines how and why the MRA helped the tobacco industry.
Study Shows Weekly Reader Conveyed Tobacco Industry Message - National Cancer Institute study finds that the Weekly Reader gave a pro-tobacco message at the time it was owned by tobacco interests.
Meta Description: [ Leading oncologists offer research and opinion on the screening, early detection, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention cancers. ]
404
The Fraser Institute: Economic Think Tank or Front for the Tobacco industry? - Report examines the question (PDF format).
The Great Tobacco Robbery - Cato Institute editorial condemns money made by plaintiff lawyers holding tobacco companies accountable for Medicaid expenditures allegedly related to smoking
Meta Description: [ Promoting an American public policy based on individual liberty, limited government, free markets and peaceful international relations. Extensive library of studies, articles and monographs available ]
the Junkman - PR Watch article on Steven Milloy, his Junk Science website, and his tobacco connections.
The Nicotine Network - Series of articles in Mother Jones magazine. Particular emphasis on astoturf: front groups created by PR firms to look like grass roots organizations.
Meta Description: [ How Big Tobacco and Republican congressional leaders help each other gain power. ]
The Tobacco Industry in New Zealand - Public health monograph of 105 pages (PDF format covers how the tobacco industry in New Zealand relates to the direct health effects of smoking, the addictiveness of nicotine, the effects of secondhand smoke, industry misuse of product design and opposition to harm reduction, industry opposition to tobacco control initiatives.
Meta Description: [ Wellington School of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of Otago ]
The Tobacco Institute's Center for Indoor Air Research - Uses original industry documents to show how, when, and why the CIAR was created.
The War in the States - Fund Article explores tobacco industry use of front groups with no obvious ties to tobacco to push for state pre-emption laws.
Meta Description: [ Tobacco's Current Strategy: Use state politicians to pre-empt local smoking controls ]
The War in the States (cont'd) - continuation of article; covers Citizens Against Tax Abuse, Citizens Against Government Interferencel, Minnesota Coalition of Responsible Retailers, Citizens for Fair Taxes, Maine Grocers Association, others.
Meta Description: [ A win? Hiding behind retail groups and misleading laws. A loss? Getting caught doing it. ]
Those Lovable Tobacco Execs - Column by money advisor Andrew Tobias examines the National Smokers Alliance.
Through the Smoke Screen: Another Philip Morris Front Exposed - Article on Philip Morris, the NSA, and Contributions Watch.
Ties that Bind: the ACLU and Big Tobaccco - Transcript of radio program. Guests include Morton Mintz, who wrote an article on the subject, and Stan Glantz.
Meta Description: [ For more than seventy-five years now, the American Civil Liberties Union has had a very important role in defending the Bill of Rights in the United States. But recently, some longtime supporters of the organization have been raising questions about the ACLU positions on issues involving large co... ]
Timeline: Front Groups - Internal tobacco industry memos, letters, organized in time provide a look at the industry's use of front groups.
Meta Description: [ The easiest way to search over 4 million tobacco industry documents. ]
Tobacco Companies Targeting the Poor - Article on tobacco promotion in Pakistan.
Tobacco Giant Blows Smokescreen on Risks - British American Tobacco (BAT) tried to undermine the work of health experts in southern Africa in the 1990's; article explains.
Tobacco Giants Accused of Smokescreen - Nature Science report on how the tobacco industry manipulates restaurant and bar trade bodies to maintain smoking in public places.
Meta Description: [ Nature - the world's best science and medicine on your desktop ]
404
Tobacco Industry Front Groups in Canada - Provides history and design of tobacco industry front groups in Canada.
Tobacco Industry Organization and Support of Hospitality and Restaurant Coalitions - Presentation at health conference summarizes tobacco industry use of restaurant and hospitality organizations.
Tobacco Industry Strategies and Front Groups - Covers the NSA, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, the Empire State Restaurant and Tavern Association, and others.
Meta Description: [ Americans for Nonsmokers' Rights (ANR) works to pass legislation at all levels of government to protect nonsmokers from secondhand smoke and protect youth from tobacco addiction. The American Nonsmokers' Rights Foundation (ANRF), ANR's educational arm, promotes smoking prevention and education ab... ]
404
Tobacco Industry Tactics - Outlines a broad range of tactics used by the tobacco industry to promote smoking, undermine health groups, influence government, and mislead customers and the public.
Tobacco Industry Targetting of Children, Women, and Minorities - Syllabus and resources for course at The University of Dayton Law School.
Tobacco Marketing - Where There's Smoke, There's Deception - Article on how Philip Morris is selling the Marboro Man in Egypt.
Tobacco Strategy, 1994 - Inside memo shows how the tobacco industry influenced the Heartland Institute, National Journalism Center, National Association of Manufacturers, Tax Foundation, and other groups to advocate and lobby for tobacco industry positions and interests.
Tobacco's Hired Guns - How the tobacco industry gets researchers, scientists, and engineers to testify against smokefree measures.
Washingtonpost.com - Fighting for Lungs and Minds in Asia - Article on targetting of Asia by the tobacco industry.
Where There's Smoke - Article on smoking and tobacco in Hungary.
World Health Organization Tobacco Free Initiative, Eastern Mediterranean - Publications on the tobacco industry's tactics to undermine tobacco prevention in Egypt and North Africa, illicit tobacco trade in the Middle East, the economics of tobacco in Egypt and Morocco, and papers on tobacco in English and Arabic.
404
Writer Exposed as Tobacco Industry Hack - News summary and collection of articles covering Roger Scruton's deal with Japan Tobacco to write articles for them, such as attacking the World Health Organization.
| Rand Paul critiques universal healthcare | |
| Next Video | |