Gourt > Society > Issues > Health > Research > Fraud
In the broadest sense, a fraud is a deception made for personal gain, although it has a more specific legal meaning, the exact details varying between jurisdictions. Many hoaxes are fraudulent, although those not made for personal gain are not best described in this way. Not all frauds are hoaxes - electoral fraud, for example. Fraud permeates many areas of life, including art, archaeology and science. In the broad legal sense a fraud is any crime or civil wrong for gain that utilises some deception practiced on the victim as its principal method.
In criminal law, fraud is the crime or offense of deliberately deceiving another in order to damage them — usually, to obtain property or services from him or her unjustly. *. Fraud can be accomplished through the aid of forged objects. In the criminal law of common law jurisdictions it may be called "theft by deception," "larceny by trick," "larceny by fraud and deception" or something similar.
In academia and science, fraud can refer to academic fraud - the falsifying of research findings which is a form of scientific misconduct - and in common use intellectual fraud signifies falsification of a position taken or implied by an author or speaker, within a book, controversy or debate, or an idea deceptively presented to hide known logical weaknesses. Journalistic fraud implies a similar notion, the falsification of journalistic findings.
More on [ Fraud ]
Fraud :: Issues
Fraud :: Health
newStream ©: Valley Man Admits Soliciting Murder of Informant in Bank Fraud ... http://bit.ly/8SkBYs
greychampion (greychampion) Thu, 10 Dec 2009 10:48:04 -0000
newStream ©: Valley Man Admits Soliciting Murder of Informant in Bank Fraud ... http://bit.ly/8SkBYs
So while i was asleep dreaming about fraud n listening to on fire she was out&about in me car
adeSMILEZ (Ade Smilez) Thu, 10 Dec 2009 10:47:51 -0000
So while i was asleep dreaming about fraud n listening to on fire she was out&about in me car
Climate Change and Carousel Fraud - in some countries, up to 90% of the whole market volume was caused by fraud... http://bit.ly/6PpOUq
fortinbras (Daniel Iggers) Thu, 10 Dec 2009 10:47:17 -0000
Climate Change and Carousel Fraud - in some countries, up to 90% of the whole market volume was caused by fraud... http://bit.ly/6PpOUq
Europol estimates 5 billion euros in carbon credit tax fraud (Thomson) - and EU complains only about forestry projects...
vsalviati (Victor Salviati) Thu, 10 Dec 2009 10:46:15 -0000
Europol estimates 5 billion euros in carbon credit tax fraud (Thomson) - and EU complains only about forestry projects...
How stuff works? Links for 2009-12-08 [Digg]: Fighting fraud online: taking Google Money scammers to court "Use Goo... http://bit.ly/6cmkqZ
karthikmns (karthikmns) Thu, 10 Dec 2009 10:45:22 -0000
How stuff works? Links for 2009-12-08 [Digg]: Fighting fraud online: taking Google Money scammers to court "Use Goo... http://bit.ly/6cmkqZ
Insurance Fraud?: Is it insurance fraud, if I had a legitimate insurance claim. But I choose not to use the money ... http://bit.ly/4xDRBa
familyfraud (Family Fraud) Thu, 10 Dec 2009 10:45:20 -0000
Insurance Fraud?: Is it insurance fraud, if I had a legitimate insurance claim. But I choose not to use the money ... http://bit.ly/4xDRBa
'Lives at risk' from research fraud (BBC) - A new report has revealed that fraud is widespread in medical research.
Meta Description: [ A new report has revealed that fraud is widespread in medical research. ]
Campaign Against Fraudulent Medical Research - We are all victims of fraud in medical research.
Meta Description: [ CAFMR Archives and Links ]
Cancer Research: Super Fraud - An article on fraud in cancer research conducted on live animals, from the British Anti-Vivisection Association.
Meta Description: [ vivisection, anti-vivisection, animal research, vaccination, medical research, medical fraud, pharmaceutical drugs, cancer research ]
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Civitas - incorporating Citizens for Planetary Health - Promotes environmental and human health by exposing harmful practices and policies such as relying upon unscientific animal experiments to justify poisoning the environment and to predict the effects of toxins and medicines on humans.
Meta Description: [ Civitas: Citizens for Planetary Health; Coalition to Protect Animals in Parks and Refuges. ]
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The Great Health Hoax - Many scientific 'breakthroughs' are nothing but mirages based on flawed research. They result in wasted taxes, false claims for drugs and damaging health scares. This article from the Sunday Telegraph, UK, (right-wing) claims that statisticians skeptical of the validity of Fischer's widely-used 5% p-tests have been ignored. It says nothing about the invalidity of animal research to humans.
When Researchers become Forgers - Seven forged laboratory results led to an earthquake scandal for pharmaceutical giant Novartis - losses running into millions are at stake. But manipulation is no exception elsewhere, either: If you're not successful, you quickly come under pressure.
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