Justice (French justice from Latin justitia, from justus "just") is a concept involving the system of consequences which naturally derives from any action or choice. In this, it is similar to many laws of physics; a prominent example of one is the Third of Sir Isaac Newton's Laws of Motion, which states that for every action there must be an equal and opposite reaction. Justice in some form or another affects all things in the universe; in the context of human actions, it means according individuals or groups what they actually deserve or merit, or are in some sense entitled to (classic Latin concept of unicuique suum). Justice is a particularly foundational concept within most systems of law, and draws highly upon established and well-regarded social traditions and values. From the perspective of pragmatism, it is the name for a fair result (thus, these views are not often representative of true justice, as justice and fairness are two entirely different topics). In most cases what one regards as "just" (not necessarily meaning what is just) is determined by consulting established and agreeable principles, employing logic, or, natural law In certain systems justice is determined, by consulting a majority, or in social contexts where religion dominates, justice may be thought to require deference to religious texts or to spiritual guidance, under a monarchy or authoritarian state the ruler/s determined what was just and doled out justice. All of these determinants of justice have at times delivered particularlly dark periods of history where justice was seen to be absent.
If a person lives under a certain set of laws in a country, concepts of "justice" are often simply deferential to the existing law —the issuing of punitive reprimands for violations may be referred to as "serving justice." In principle, this fits the general concept in that the individuals get what is supposedly due to them.
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CYA Goes to Reform School - Article explaining the reforms the California Youth Authority is undertaking following a court settlement, and explaining why California is adopting a Missouri model for youth corrections.
Meta Description: [ By Stephen James. The results have been appalling: high recidivism rates, astronomical costs, and lawsuits over the mistreatment of teenagers. But a gentler approach, perfected in a Midwestern state, soon may take over in California. ]
Frontline: Juvenile Justice - PBS Frontline's examination of whether serious young offenders should go to the criminal justice system to be tried as adults, or be handled in the juvenile justice system.
Meta Description: [ Should teenagers who commit serious crimes be tried as juveniles or adults? What happens to young offenders who reach the end of the line in the juvenile court system -and can you rehabilitate such young people to prevent future criminal behavior? FRONTLINE examines these questions by following ... ]
Frontline: Little Criminals - PBS Frontline's report on the treatment of very young offenders.
Meta Description: [ A report on the causes of violence in a child ]
How Tough Should Juvenile Justice Be? - Article from the Christian Science Monitor.
Meta Description: [ How Tough Juvenile Justice? ]
Juvenile Prosecutors Are Not Criminal Prosecutors - An article arguing that the role of juvenile prosecutors is different from the role of criminal prosecutors.
Meta Description: [ This web page contains an article arguing that juvenile prosecutors have a role distinct from that of criminal prosecutors, and should work to advance the traditional ends of the juvenile justice system. ]
Juveniles Tried and Sentenced as Adults - Links to articles, agencies, organizations and websites dealing with whether juveniles should be tried and sentenced as adults.
Meta Description: [ Juveniles Tried and Sentenced as Adults. Listings of and links to articles, agencies, organizations and websites to find information about Juveniles (children, adolescents, teens) tried and sentenced as adults. ]
National Center for Mental Health and Juvenile Justice - Information arguing the mental health needs of youth in the juvenile justice system are not being met, and suggestions for how to better serve delinquent youth with mental health problems.
Race and Outcome of Criminal Cases - Reports portraying juveniles differently may lead to tougher sentencing recommendations for blacks.
Meta Description: [ News Release from the University of
Washington ]
Resources for Change in Juvenile Justice with Young People - Resources on juvenile injustice to motivate young people who aren't locked up to fight for those who are incarcerated.
The Beat Within - A publication of writing and art from inside juvenile hall.
The National Center on Education, Disability and Juvenile Justice - Information arguing that minors with disabilities are overrepresented in the juvenile justice system, and suggestions on how to properly handle such cases.
The W. Haywood Burns Institute - National organization working to reduce overrepresentation of youth of color in the juvenile justice system.
Washingtonpost.com: Juvenile Murders - A Washington Post special, with links, on juvenile murder -- compiled as a result of the Columbine school massacre.
Youth Violence Risk Assessment - This site provides information on the Structured Assessment of Violence Risk in Youth (SAVRY), an applied risk assessment tool for use with adolescents. Also provides links to other Youth Violence Resources.
Meta Description: [ The purpose of the SPARC program is to improve the quality of substance abuse treatment services for persons in the justice system by increasing interaction and knowledge exchange among key community based stakeholders, including substance abuse treatment providers, community-based organizations ... ]
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