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For historical and other uses of India, see India (disambiguation).
India, officially the Republic of India, is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world. India has a coastline of over seven thousand kilometres, and borders PakistanThe Government of India considers the entire state of Jammu and Kashmir to be a part of India including the portion bordering Afghanistan. A ceasefire sponsored by the United Nations in 1948 freezes the positions of Indian and Pakistani held territory. As a consequence, the region bordering Afghanistan is in Pakistani-administered territory. to the west, Nepal, the People's Republic of China and Bhutan to the north-east, and Bangladesh and Myanmar to the east. In the Indian Ocean, it is adjacent to the island nations of Sri Lanka, Maldives and Indonesia.

Home to the Indus Valley Civilization, a centre of important trade routes and vast empires, India has long played a major role in human history. Hinduism, Sikhism, Buddhism and Jainism all have their origins in India, while Islam and Christianity enjoy a strong cultural heritage. Colonised as part of the British Empire in the nineteenth century, India gained independence in 1947 as a unified nation after an intense struggle for independence. The country's population, wildlife, geographical terrain and climate system are among the most diverse in the world.

Etymology


The name India // is derived from Indus, which is derived from the Old Persian word Hindu, from Sanskrit Sindhu, the historic local appellation for the Indus River. The Constitution of India and common usage also recognise Bharat (), as an official name of equal status. A third name, Hindustan () (Persian: Land of the Hindus < Old Persian Hindu, India / land of the Indus < Sanskrit Sindhu, any river/the Indus) has been used since the twelfth century, though its contemporary use is unevenly applied.

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Land Forces of India - Comprehensive catalog of web resources pertaining to Indian land forces, their symbols and flags, music and drill, and military history.
Meta Description: [ Comprehensive catalog of web resources pertaining to Indian land forces and military history. ]

Militarism in India - Promotes a new book which examines why India has never suffered a military coup d'etat, based on interviews with top Indian military officers. Includes an abstract and links to reviews and booksellers.

W.G.Skinner of the Rifle Brigade - Contains over 60 photographs of India and the British Army in India at the end of the 19th. Century. Also has an edited extract from Skinner's diary.
Meta Description: [ This site contains over 60 photographs of India and the British Army in India at the end of the 19th. Century. They were collected by W.G. Skinner of the Rifle Brigade, who came from Sevenoaks in Kent.Also on the site is an edited extract from a diary kept by W.G. Skinner. ]

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