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Christopher Columbus (ca. 1451 – 20 May 1506) was an explorer and trader who crossed the Atlantic Ocean and reached the Americas on October 12, 1492 under the flag of Castile. History places great significance on his landing in America in 1492 (although he never actually reached America, see here), with the entire period of the history of the Americas before this date usually known as Pre-Columbian, and the anniversary of this event, Columbus Day, being celebrated in many parts of America. Although there is evidence of Pre-Columbian trans-Atlantic Ocean European contact, Columbus is commonly credited as the first European to see the Americas because of the profound impact his contact wrought on history. His voyage marked the beginning of European exploration and colonization of the Americas. He was married to Felipa Perestrello e Moniz, and had a son named Diego.

Columbus is said to have been born in Genoa, in modern Italy, according to statements attributed to Columbus himself, members of his family, and others who knew him well. However, some historians claim he could have been born in other places, from the Crown of Aragón to the Kingdoms of Galicia or Portugal, or in the Greek island of Chios, among others. (See the section on Columbus' national origin for a discussion of his origin and names).

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Christopher Columbus - Lengthy biographical article from the Catholic Encyclopedia, first published in 1908.
Meta Description: [ Lengthy biographical article on the explorer ]

Christopher Columbus - National Maritime Museum fact file answers common questions about Columbus's life.
Meta Description: [ Over 150 fact files are available from the Museum covering themes as diverse as astronomy and space, Greenwich and time. ]

500 Christopher Columbus and the Great Age of Exploration - World Book Encyclopedia article on Columbus and his counterparts.

Christopher Columbus and the New World of His Discovery - Book by Filson Young (1906). Complete downloadable e-text from Project Gutenburg.
Meta Description: [ Download the free eBook: Christopher Columbus and the New World of His Discovery — Complete by Young ]

Columbus and the Age of Discovery - A searchable collection of many scholarly articles on Columbus and the encounter of two worlds.

Columbus and the Beginning of the World - Essay on Colombus' beliefs and their impact.
Meta Description: [ Catholic Culture provides: Liturgical Year, Documents / Articles, Web Site Reviews, the Catechism, and more. ]

Columbus' Letter to the King and Queen of Spain - A translation of a letter to the Spanish monarchs written around 1494, from the Medieval Sourcebook.

Columbus, Christopher - Article from the Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia.

404 Columbus: Secrets from the Grave - A look at new DNA and handwriting-analysis evidence that shows Christopher Columbus may have been Spanish, not Italian.
Meta Description: [ Explore new evidence about the origins of Christopher Columbus. ]

Examining the Reputation of Christopher Columbus - [Columbus] was no more the discoverer of America than Pocahontas was the discoverer of Great Britain. Native Americans had built great civilizations with many millions of people long before Columbus wandered lost into the Caribbean
Meta Description: [ Jack Weatherford, Examining the reputation of Christopher Columbus ]

Extracts from Columbus's Journal - Selected passages from the journal of his voyage of 1492, from the Medieval Sourcebook.

First Cruising Guide to the Bahamas - Analysis of Columbus's Bahamian travels, with maps.
Meta Description: [ A guided tour of the islands in the Bahamas, where Columbus may have first visited the new world, by Arne Molander. ]

Honoring Christopher Columbus - Essay defending Columbus and his discovery, and blames others around him for the hardships and disease brought to the natives of the New World, which were also practicing human sacrifice and cannibalism.

Privileges and Prerogatives Granted by Their Catholic Majesties to Christopher Columbus - The Avalon Project presents an English translation of the missive given to Columbus by Ferdinand and Elizabeth in 1492.

Quarto Abeunte Saeculo - Encyclical issued by Pope Leo XIII on the occasion of the Columbus Quadricentennial, in 1892. Paints the explorer as an exemplary Catholic motivated by a desire to advance the Christian faith.

Teaching about the Voyages of Columbus - Provides full-text access to the ERIC Digest of this name which details ways teachers can best instruct students about the different voyages of Christopher Columbus.
Meta Description: [ Provides full-text access to the ERIC Digest of this name. ]

500 The Columbus Navigation Homepage - The history, navigation, and landfall of Christopher Columbus. Includes a timeline of the life and voyages of Columbus.

The True Story of Christopher Columbus - Full text of a book by Elbridge Brooks, first published in 1892: A Columbus biography written for young people.

Uncovering the Real Columbus - Biographical information on his family, early years, and sources of inspiration.
Meta Description: [ Christopher Columbus, his origins and life ]

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