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The Berlin Wall (German: Berliner Mauer), an iconic symbol of the Cold War, was initially constructed starting on August 13, 1961 and dismantled in the weeks following November 9, 1989. Part of the Iron Curtain, the Berlin Wall was the most prominent part of the GDR border system.
Conceived by the East German administration of Walter Ulbricht and approved by Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev, the wall was a long separation barrier between West Berlin and East Germany (the German Democratic Republic), which closed the border between East and West Berlin for a period of 28 years. It was built during the post-World War II period of divided Germany, in an effort to stop the drain of labour and economic output associated with the daily migration of huge numbers of professionals and skilled workers between East and West Berlin, and the attendant defections, which had political and economic consequences for the Communist bloc. It effectively decreased emigration (escapes - "Republikflucht" in German) from 2.5 million between 1949 and 1962 to 5,000 between 1962 and 1989.
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History :: Society and Culture
The Top Party School Shoots For A Lower Ranking
Fri, 29 Aug 2008 15:00:00 -0400
The University of Florida in Gainesville is the No. 1-ranked party school. It's a distinction that surprises some students, and administrators hope new policies will help the school change that reputation.
Pick Of Palin Sets Up Battle For Female Voters
Fri, 29 Aug 2008 14:41:00 -0400
Alaska Gov. Sarah Palin, the first woman picked for a Republican presidential ticket, appeals to social and economic conservatives — and possibly disgruntled Clinton supporters. But it appears that John McCain will forfeit a chance to question Barack Obama's relative lack of experience.
McCain Picks Gov. Palin As Running Mate
Fri, 29 Aug 2008 13:00:00 -0400
Sen. John McCain surprised a lot of people Friday by picking Alaska Governor Sarah Palin as his vice presidential running mate. McCain is in Dayton, Ohio to make the announcement. Madeleine Brands talk to David Schaper who's at the McCain rally in Dayton.
The Talk of the Town
Lauren Collins: The Brooklyn painter Kehinde Wiley.
Lauren Collins Mon, 25 Aug 2008 04:00:00 -0000
The painter Kehinde Wiley first travelled to Nigeria in 1997. He was trying to find his father, whom he had never met, or, more crucially for a portraitist, seen. (His mother didn’t have any photographs.) After several weeks in Lagos, he found his dad, who welcomed him. But--like any . . .
James Surowiecki: What drives market volatility?
James Surowiecki Mon, 25 Aug 2008 04:00:00 -0000
American investors are frazzled. True, oil prices have fallen from their most vertiginous highs, the dollar is a bit stronger, and the stock market has actually risen over the past month. But none of those things have happened in a smooth and steady fashion. The stock market’s “ascent,” in particular . . .
Hendrik Hertzberg: What Barack Obama is up against.
Hendrik Hertzberg Mon, 25 Aug 2008 04:00:00 -0000
The week before the week before this week’s scheduled gathering of the delegates and their media camp followers in Denver, the nominee-presumptive of the Democratic Party did something that is strongly recommended, and ought to be mandatory, for anyone who has just logged a year and a half’s worth . . .
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A Concrete Curtain - The Life and Death of the Berlin Wall - For the 10th anniversary of the fall of the Berlin Wall, the Caen Memorial and the DHM of Berlin are holding an exhibition of photos on the Wall.
Meta Description: [ For the 10th anniversary of the fall of the Berlin Wall (9th Nov 89), the Caen Memorial and the Deutsches Historisches Museum of Berlin are holding a joint exhibition of photographies on the life and death of the Wall ]
A Personal Account of the Fall of the Berlin Wall - A personal account of the fall of the Berlin Wall. Andreas Ramos describes his experiences of the 11th and 12th of Nov. 1989.
Meta Description: [ Account of The Fall of the Berlin Wall ]
Berlin - The Wall - A summary of the history of the Berlin Wall, with facts, figures and route of the wall, from the Press and Information Office of the Berlin Senate in English and German.
Berlin - The Wall - Photos of various parts of the Berlin Wall, commented tours, depiction of installations and routines. Users can submit their own pictures.
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Berlin 1983 - A travelogue and history of Berlin and the Wall
Meta Description: [ The Berlin Wall ]
Berlin Wall - Informative article with photos and links.
Berlin Wall Dismantled - Archive video footage of the dismantling of the Berlin Wall in 1989 and the celebrations which followed. Quicktime format.
Berlin Wall Online - A history of Berlin Wall in text and photographs and what happened to the Wall after its fall in 1989.
Meta Description: [ History of Berlin Wall in texts and photographs including facts, construction, measurements, timelime, escape attempts, maps, photographs and an archive ]
Berlin Wall, Past and Present - Provides articles about the origins, operation, and eventual fall of the Berlin Wall, including maps, images, and specifications.
Meta Description: [ Welcome page to entire site devoted to the Berlin Wall. ]
Chris De Witt's Berlin Wall Website - A regularly updated website about the Berlin Wall by an eyewitness to the event of 1989 and in the years since. Includes a gallery of Wall imagery, an essay on the fall of the Wall and its aftermath, and an archive of earlier photos and essays.
Meta Description: [ Chris De Witt presents the eighth version of his website all about his experiences of the Berlin Wall. ]
Cold War Experience - Berlin Wall - Documents the building of the Berlin Wall and the first attempts by East Germans to escape over it. Includes the full text of script, a multimedia re-cap of the Wall going up, and links to related issues.
East German Propaganda - Argument Nr. 55 - A German propaganda pamphlet giving advice to East German propagandists on explaining the building of the Berlin Wall in 1961.
Meta Description: [ Advice for East German propagandists on
explaining the building of the Berlin Wall in 1961. ]
Europe in Motion - The Berlin Wall - A collection of artistic graffiti drawn on the Berlin Wall. Includes a discussion of the Cold War's impact on Europe and the future of Europe after the collapse of the Communism and the eastward expansion of European Union.
Meta Description: [ An unique art collection about the fall of the Berlin Wall. European History - artists' works - Texts - Photos - Videos ]
Kennedy at the Berlin Wall - Kennedy Presidential Library exhibit of the famous Ich bin ein Berliner speech. Includes images and audio recordings of the speech. Part of the American Originals collection of the National Archives.
Secrets of Checkpoint Charlie - Learn about crossing the Berlin Wall.
Meta Description: [ Checkpoint Charlie: Cold War Secrets that every good spy and smuggler know. ]
The Berlin Wall - Interactive exhibit on news coverage of the Berlin Wall from its construction in 1961 to its destruction in 1989.
The Berlin Wall - Provides background information on the Berlin Wall. Discusses the reasons the wall was erected, the construction process, its dimensions, its dismantling in 1989, and the creation of a Berlin Wall memorial in 1998.
The Berlin Wall - Web Photo Exhibition - A series of color photos of the Berlin Wall. Available in German, French, and Portuguese.
Meta Description: [ Berliner Mauer | Berlin Wall | deutsch | english | français | português | Web Photo Exhibition. A series of color photos of the Berlin Wall. In four languages. Exposition virtuelle par photos des années soixante dix. ]
The Burning Wall - A film about dissent and opposition in East Germany from 1949 to 1989, by Hava Kohav Beller. Overview, information about the director, image gallery, and contact details.
Meta Description: [ The Burning Wall: Dissent and Opposition behind the Berlin Wall. A film by Hava Kohav Beller. ]
What You Should Know About the Wall - A 1962 brochure by the East German government offering various arguments defending the Berlin Wall as a necessity to the survival of the German Democratic Republic. It was published in English and aimed at foreign audiences.
Meta Description: [ The text of a 1962 East German defense of the Berlin Wall. ]
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