Gourt > Society > History > By Time Period > Middle Ages > War and Weapons > The Crusades (2)
The Crusades were a series of military campaigns—usually sanctioned by the Papacy—that took place during the 11th through 13th centuries. Originally, they were Roman Catholic Holy Wars to recapture Jerusalem and the Holy Land from the Muslims, but some were directed against other targets, such as the Albigensian Crusade against the Cathars of southern France, the Northern Crusades, and the Fourth Crusade which conquered Constantinople.
Beyond the medieval military events, the word "crusade" has evolved to have multiple meanings and connotations. For additional meanings see usage of the term "crusade" below and/or the Crusade.
Historical background
The origins of the crusades lie in developments in Western Europe earlier in the Middle Ages, as well as the deteriorating situation of the Byzantine Empire in the east. The breakdown of the Carolingian Empire in the later 9th century, combined with the relative stabilisation of local European borders after the Christianisation of the Vikings, Slavs, and Magyars, meant that there was an entire class of warriors who now had very little to do but fight amongst themselves and terrorise the peasant population. The Church tried to stem this violence with the Peace and Truce of God movements, which was somewhat successful, but trained warriors always sought an outlet for their violence. One later outlet was the Reconquista in Spain and Portugal, which at times occupied Iberian knights and some mercenaries from elsewhere in Europe in the fight against the Islamic Moors. More on [ Crusade ]
Crusades :: Middle Ages
Ancient and Medieval :: Middle East
niggas down wit the creep crusades, so watt?
Reef87 (Shareef Reef) Sun, 20 Dec 2009 17:45:21 -0000
niggas down wit the creep crusades, so watt?
12/20/1192 King Richard the Lionhearted captured in Muslim-held Vienna during Crusades
Heterodoxus (Pat) Sun, 20 Dec 2009 16:54:42 -0000
12/20/1192 King Richard the Lionhearted captured in Muslim-held Vienna during Crusades
The History Channel Presents: The Crusades - Crescent & the Cross , Blu-Ray http://to.ly/LsE
BluRayFilmer (BluRayFilmer.se) Sun, 20 Dec 2009 15:12:27 -0000
The History Channel Presents: The Crusades - Crescent & the Cross , Blu-Ray http://to.ly/LsE
The Sand Crusades 3 DVD - http://mywiseshopping.com/2009/12/19/the-sand-crusades-3-dvd/
mywiseshopping (mywiseshopping) Sun, 20 Dec 2009 01:27:33 -0000
The Sand Crusades 3 DVD - http://mywiseshopping.com/2009/12/19/the-sand-crusades-3-dvd/
@EyeOnTheWorld Why don't we declare the crusades won by christians. Press a few buttons and a billion muslims disapear.
1anobody (A Nobody) Sun, 20 Dec 2009 00:59:07 -0000
@EyeOnTheWorld Why don't we declare the crusades won by christians. Press a few buttons and a billion muslims disapear.
The Crusades Of A Critic: A Christmas music compilation http://bit.ly/8NZype
factpile (Paul Bliss) Sat, 19 Dec 2009 23:04:06 -0000
The Crusades Of A Critic: A Christmas music compilation http://bit.ly/8NZype
A History of the Crusades - A digital facsimile of six volumes published by the University of Wisconsin-Madison Libraries covering the history of the period and its impact on Europe and the Near East.
Meta Description: [ History, said Alexis de Tocqueville, is a gallery of
pictures in which there are a few originals and many copies. The
History Collection assembled here will help you get closer to
some of those originals. Selected by librarians, scholars, and other subject
... ]
Crusade - From Wikipedia, the open-content encyclopedia. Covers historical background and context, as well as the First, Second, Third, Fourth, Fifth, Sixth, Seventh, Eight, and Ninth Crusades, as well as the Albigensian Crusade, Children's Crusade, and crusades in the Baltic and Central Europe.
Crusades - Presents the Catholic perspective on the Crusades.
Meta Description: [ Expeditions undertaken, in fulfilment of a solemn vow, to deliver the Holy Places from Mohammedan tyranny. ]
Crusades 1095-1291 - A short history of the Crusades, in the wider context of the Byzantine Empire and the political movements and changes in the Islamic world.
Crusades: Truth and Black Legend - Italian writer Vittorio Messori defends the crusaders from charges levelled at them during the Enlightenment.
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From Peace to War: The Formulation of the Idea of Crusade - This paper traces the background to the concept of crusade in Christian thinking up to the 12th century.
International Congress: The Fourth Crusade and its Consequences - Introduction, program and other details. Organized by the Academy of Athens, in Athens, Greece, in March 2004.
Meta Description: [ International Congress: The Fourth Crusade and its Consequences, organized by the Academy of Athens, in March 2004. ]
Internet Medieval Sourcebook - The Crusades - A collection of contemporary accounts of the crusades.
Literature of the Crusades - A categorized listing of links to translations of original source material on the Crusades.
Medieval Crusades - A history of the crusades and crusaders from Europe to the Levant. Written for students.
Meta Description: [ Medieval Crusades - A History of the Crusades and Crusaders from Europe to the Levant ]
Northern Crusades Against the Last Pagans of Europe. - Background information on the 13th century crusades against the Baltic Pagans. Part of a site promoting novels set in the period.
Meta Description: [ The last pagans of Europe defend their ancient way of life. Tales from the Northern Crusades ]
Society for the Study of the Crusades and the Latin East - Functions chiefly to enable members to learn about current work being done in the field of crusading history. The Society also organizes a major international conference every four years.
The Children's Crusade - Translated document.
The Crusaders - The history and causes of The First Crusade, and the role of the Francs before and during the Crusades.
The Crusades - The basis for a virtual course on the crusades from Dr Skip Knox at Boise State University. Includes a visitor centre offering a virtual pilgrimage as well as extensive information on each of the Crusades.
Meta Description: [ Home page for Skip Knox's course on the history of the Crusades ]
The Crusades - A timeline of the Crusades, with a collection of background articles.
The Crusades - A look into the history of the crusades during the middle ages.
Meta Description: [ The Crusades - A look into the history of the crusades during the middle ages ]
The Crusades - A history and apologetic for the Crusades, from the Catholic Educator's resource Center.
Meta Description: [ An internet library of journal .., essays, book excerpts, and other texts chosen for their objective, concise, and clear presentation of Catholic teachings, history, and culture. ]
The Crusades - Links for research.
Meta Description: [ The religious wars, the people who fought them, the ideologies that drove them and their cultural impact on Europe, on the Holy Land and on international relations. ]
The Crusades and Mediæval Information Links. - A page with diverse links to crusades-related information.
Meta Description: [ The Crusades and Medi�val Information Links. ]
The Crusades Bookstore - Reviews of books, fact and fiction, academic and popular, that deal with all aspects of the crusades.
The Crusades in the Levant (1097-1291) - Lengthy overview of the whole crusade period.
Meta Description: [ Crusades in the Levant (622-1291) ]
The Crusading Era: 1095-1291 - A brief overview and list of the wars of the Crusades.
The First Crusade - One of a series of lectures for a medieval survey by Lynn H. Nelson
The First Crusade - Site discussing the First Crusade, 1095-1099 AD, a pivotal event in European and Middle Eastern history
Meta Description: [ The First Crusade, 1095-1099, was one of the most crucial events in the recent history of Europe and the Middle East. This page provides a concise overview of events, along with links to some more in-depth information. ]
The First Crusade and the Jews of Western Europe - A history and understanding of the effect of the First Crusade on European Jewry
Meta Description: [ A history and understanding of the effect of the First Crusade on European Jewry ]
The Holy Land of the Crusaders - Pictures and information about churches and other buildings built by the crusaders.
Meta Description: [ The Crusaders heritage in the Holy Land on the 9th centenary of the first Crusade. A Calendar issued by Massolini Group. ]
The Peaceful Liberation of the Holy Places in the XIV Century - An online book on how the Frankish clergy returned to the Holy Places in the Fourteenth Century for the purpose of maintaining the Sacred Sites and celebrating the Roman Liturgy. A substantial part of the book covers the period of the Crusades.
The Real History Of The Crusades - A historian argues that the Crusades were justified.
Meta Description: [ Catholic Culture provides: Liturgical Year, Documents / Articles, Web Site Reviews, the Catechism, and more. ]
The Society for the Study of the Crusades and the Latin East - SSCLE is an organization of scholars interested in studying and understanding the crusade movement along with its effects on society then, and afterward.
| Robert Spencer - The Crusades, Fact & Truth (Part 3/5) | |
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