The Industrial Revolution was the major technological, socioeconomic and cultural change in late 18th and early 19th century that began in Britain and spread throughout the world. During that time, an economy based on manual labour was replaced by one dominated by industry and the manufacture of machinery. It began with the mechanisation of the textile industries and the development of iron-making techniques, and trade expansion was enabled by the introduction of canals, improved roads and then railways. The introduction of steam power (fuelled primarily by coal) and powered machinery (mainly in textile manufacturing) underpinned the dramatic increases in production capacity.Business and Economics. Leading Issues in Economic Development, Oxford University Press US. ISBN 0195115899 Read it The development of all-metal machine tools in the first two decades of the 19th century facilitated the manufacture of more production machines for manufacturing in other industries.
The period of time covered by the Industrial Revolution varies with different historians. Eric Hobsbawm held that it 'broke out' in the 1780s and wasn't fully felt until the 1830s or 1840sEric Hobsbawm, The Age of Revolution: Europe 1789–1848, Weidenfeld and Nicholson Ltd. ISBN 0349104840, while T.S. Ashton held that it occurred roughly between 1760 and 1830 (in effect the reigns of George III, The Regency, and George IV)Joseph E Inikori. Africans and the Industrial Revolution in England, Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521010799 Read it.
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Industrial Revolution - A history project done by a secondary student in Hong Kong.
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Lectures on The Industrial Revolution in England - The full text by Arnold Toynbee in 1884.
Leeds Woollen Workers Petition - A petition by workers complaining about the effects of machines on the previously well-paid skilled workers.
Letter of Leeds Cloth Merchants - Defense on the use of machines.
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The Industrial Revolution - A brief history of what happened during this time period.
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