Melungeon is a term traditionally applied to one of a number of so-called "tri-racial isolate" groups of the Eastern United States, found mainly in Appalachia, especially Eastern Tennessee, Southwestern Virginia, and Eastern Kentucky. "Tri-racial" refers to populations of mixed European, sub-Saharan African, and Native American ancestry, and "isolate" refers to "genetic isolate," that is, a group that has maintained to some degree a distinct ethnic identity, though is not necessarily isolated in a geographic or cultural sense. Although there is no consensus on how many such groups exist, estimates range as high as 200. * Some self-identifying Melungeons dislike the term "tri-racial isolate", believing that it has a pejorative connotation. Sociologist Brewton Berry (1963) used the term "Mestizo" for these groups, but that alternative has not been generally adopted.
Originally, the term "Melungeon" referred exclusively to one tri-racial isolate group, the descendants of the multiracial Collins, Gibson and a few other related families of Newman's Ridge, Vardy Valley and other traditional Melungeon settlements in and around Hancock County, Tennessee. Some researchers have limited it even further to the descendants of two early 19th century settlers of that area, Vardy Collins and his brother-in-law Shepherd Gibson. Since about the mid-1990s, however, there has arisen a tendency, especially among amateur researchers, to see Melungeon as a very broad category encompassing almost all traditionally recognized tri-racial isolate groups of the Eastern United States.
Melungeons are a highly controversial subject, and there is wide disagreement among secondary sources as to their ethnic, linguistic, cultural and geographic origins and identity. Whether Melungeons constitute a specific race or ethnicity at all is debatable, and they might more accurately be described as a loose collection of families of diverse origins who migrated alongside and intermarried with one another. The United States government recognizes the Melungeons as an ethnic group to the extent that a census category has existed for some time for Melungeons. For the 2000 Census it was "662 Melungeons" under "SOME OTHER RACE 600-999". *
More on [ Melungeon ]
Redbones :: Ethnicity
Society and Culture :: East Tennessee
Saponi :: S

ALHN Melungeon Webpage - This is the Melungeon information page for the American Local History Network.
Archives of the Melungeon Mailing List. - Archives at RootsWeb. Choose arranged by subject threads or chronological order, with or without names and dates. Search for names or topics of interest.
Archives of the Melungeon-Kin Mailing List - Messages on this Rootsweb mailing list. Includes some of the discussion on the Malange area of Angola as an origin of some of the original ancestors of the Melungeons.
Black Dutch and Irish, Melungeons, Moravians, Pennsylvania Dutch - Shirley Hornbeck's This and That Genealogy Tips, Genealogy Tips on Black Dutch and Irish, Melungeons, Moravians, Pennsylvania Dutch
Meta Description: [ This and That Genealogy Tips, Genealogy Tips on Black Dutch and Black Irish, Melungeons, Moravians, Pennsylvania Dutch ]
Black Dutch Yahoo Group - A discussion group for anyone interested in people described as Black Dutch or Black German.
Meta Description: [ Black_Dutch: Black Dutch ]
Free African Americans - Family history of 500 African American families who were free in Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Maryland and Delaware from the colonial period until about 1820. Gives information on the free Mulattos of Virginia and their role in the formation of the Melungeons and other groups.
Meta Description: [ Family history of 500 African American families who were free in Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Maryland and Delaware from the colonial period until about 1820. ]
Goins Family History - This Group is for Goins From Virginia, Tennessee, and Kentucky. Everyone with Goins ancestry (all spellings and areas) is welcome.
Meta Description: [ This Group is for Goins From Virginia, Tennessee, and Kentucky. Everyone With Goins (All Spellings) and Areas are also Welcome. ]
Gowen Research Foundation - Information on families with the name Gowen, including variations. This includes the most common Melungeon name, Goins, Goin, Goings, Going, and others. Search the newsletters.
Implementation of Segregation - An interesting site highlighting racial laws that affected Black and mixed race people, with one letter on the Brass Ankles of South Carolina.
Jack Goins Research: Melungeon and Appalachian Families - A site dedicated to research on the NE TN and SW VA Melungeon communities. Information on DNA research on this area. Note the link to information on Jack Goins' book, a prime source for people connected to the Goins name or Hancock County, TN.
Meta Description: [ A Study of Appalachian history and people, including Melungeon and Native American connections. ]
Mahala Mullins - A site dedicated to the folk heroine of the Melungeons with a photograph of her.
Melungeon - A site which has a very long list of other information on the Melungeons plus a recounting of some of the older stories about Melungeon history.
Melungeon E-Group - A discussion group mainly for Melungeon genealogy.
Meta Description: [ Melungeon: Melungeon ]
Melungeon Family Genealogy Forum - Discussion of genealogical topics about Melungeon families.
Melungeon Family Photo Album - Site where Melungeons can post pictures of their family for others to see.
Meta Description: [ A place to share our photos, and family history. ]
Melungeon Heritage Association - Established to document and preserve the cultural legacy of mixed-ancestry peoples in the southern Appalachians. Articles, links, and information about periodic Melungeon conventions known as unions
Meta Description: [ Melungeon Heritage Association ]
Melungeon Links of Interest - Part of Mountain Ties, Martha Short's site for Appalachian genealogy. This list gives many Melungeons sites.
Melungeon Mailing List - How to join the Melungeon Mailing List, from Martha Short's Melungeon Resource Page.
Melungeon Origin eGroup - Discussion group on Melungeon history and origins.
Meta Description: [ MelungeonOrigin: Melungeon Origin, History of Melungeons ]
Melungeon Research - A journal of Melungeon Research, put on internet by Nancy Morrison. Includes some classic literature like the articles of Wil Allen Dromgoole.
Meta Description: [ This blog carries research and articles of interest on the Melungeons, a group of mixed ancestried people found originially in the Appalachian regions of NC/VA/KY/TN/WV ]
Melungeon Research and Links - If you follow these links that I have listed here you'll notice that there are various theories on who the Melungeons were, and what their ancestry was. This makes the Melungeons all the more interesting, because no one knows for certain their background or origins, (though many have VERY strong opinions on the matter).
Melungeon Resource Page - Includes a FAQ about the mixed Mediterranean-Indian heritage of Melungeons, genealogy links, and information on the Melungeon mailing list. By Martha Short
404
Melungeons - Their Turkish Origins - by Mehmet Cakir - Term paper written by a Turkish student in Colorado.
MELUNGEONS and Other Mestee Groups - Full-text on-line book with annotated bibliography. Description and history of the Melungeons and other mixed race groups in the eastern United States. By Mike Nassau.
Meta Description: [ multiracial.com - The portal for The Multiracial Activist and The Abolitionist Examiner ]
Melungeons discussion group - Melungeon research, family searches and other information is freely exchanged in a friendly forum.
Melungeons.com - Gives links to many sites, including the articles on the new DNA study.
Melungeons: Examining An Appalachian Legend - A book by Pat Spurlock Elder. Published by Continuity Press. Very controversial and considered unreliable by many researchers. Includes link to her talk at Second Union.
Meta Description: [ MELUNGEONS: Examining An Appalachian Legend by Pat Spurlock Elder. Published by Continuity Press. ]
Melungeons: Who Are They? - Description of what is known and unknown about these people of Appalachia. Includes some traditional versions of their origins and description of physical characteristics.
Muslims in the Americas Before Columbus - Some reference to Muslim presence among the Indians which might tie into the cultural observations which have been used as evidence of a Turkish presence in Colonial times. Emphasis is on Mediterranean Muslims, not the much better evidenced contact with the Guinea Coast.
Meta Description: [ Numerous evidence suggests that Muslims from Spain and West Africa arrived in the Americas at least five centuries before Co1umbus. Columbus had two captains of Muslim origin during his first transatlantic voyage: Martin and his brother Vicente Pinzon were related to Moroccan Sultan Abuzayan Muha... ]
My Melungeon Heritage - Histories of her family and some notable Melungeons such as Mahala Mullins. Some links. By Brenda Nichols.
Native American Muslims - An article about early contact between Native Americans and Muslims, which contends many Native Americans adopted Islam. This may tie in with the better known Masonic movement among Native Americans.
People of Color in Old Tennessee - Patrick Minges' articles on Cherokee history, with an emphasis on race and religion. Discusses the racial mixing which contributed much to eht Melungeons.
Redbone Heritage Foundation - A group dedicated to investigating the history and origins of the Redbones, also known as the Louisiana Melungeons.
Meta Description: [ Welcome to Redbone Heritage Foundation, mission statement, about us, membership, membership fees, genealgoy research ethnic population. ]
Redbones and Melungeons - The Redbones or Louisiana Melungeons are a mixed origin group living near the Sabine River on the Texas-Louisiana border. They are connected to both the Melungeons and the mixed race groups of South Carolina.
Meta Description: [ Melungeon and Redbone Page. ]
Search results for 'melungeon' - GenSeeker at Rootsweb links to Melungeon sites (89 sites)
Summer 2001 - Vardy Gathering, Unions - Message from Wayne Winkler of the Melungeon Heritage Association about the meeting at Vardy this Summer. Vardy is on Blackwater Creek, behind Newman's Ridge from Sneedville, TN, site of Melungeon mission school.
The Black Irish Myth - A theory as to why people of Irish descent like to lay claim to Spanish blood from the Armada. Links the Black Irish to the Melungeons. By Tom Kunesh.
Meta Description: [ a theory as to why people of Irish descent like to lay claim to Spanish blood from the Armada. ]
The Melungeon Health Education and Support Network - By Nancy Sparks Morrison. Provides information about the major Mediterranean illnesses that are inherited through the Melungeon connection.
The Melungeon Reemergence in Southern Appalachia - Jason Adam's paper on the Melungeon struggle for self determination.
Meta Description: [ bimonthy contemporary advocacy of a mixed-race identifier ]
The Melungeons - Historical sketch, and information about surnames common in the Melungeon community.
The Melungeons Revisited: First Union - Article from Blue Ridge Country magazine on the First Union of the Melungeons and Brent Kennedy's work.
Meta Description: [ Award winning magazine covering the Mountains of the South and the Blue Ridge Parkway ]
Under One Sky - Bill Fields' personal web site including the archives of Under One Sky, newsletter of the Southeastern Kentucky Melungeon Information Exchange. Information on Melungeon Heritage.
Meta Description: [ Bill Fields' personal web site including the archives Under One Sky, a newsletter of Melungeon Heritage. Personal photos, genealogical information focused on the Southeastern KY Bedwell family descended from Erasmus Bedwell 1827-80 ]
Vardy Community Historical Society - This society is trying to preserve the Vardy Melungeon site on Blackwater Creek in Hancock County, TN. Museum in the old Melungeon school. Mahala Mullins' cabin brought to the site from Newman's ridge.
Wayfaring Stranger - The Black Dutch, German Gypsies, or Chicanere, and their relation to the Melungeons, by Linda D. Griggs.
What is a Melungeon? - Description of several groups which are called Melungeon. Stresses the need to have a definition broad enough to cover all of them, by Mike Nassau.
Meta Description: [ A definition of the term Melungeon with a brief history of the origins of the group and a summary of several of the different groups called by that name. ]
| Karachais (Karachai Turks) migrated to USA at 1500's | |