A military or military force (n., from Latin militarius, miles "soldier") has seen many different incarnations throughout time. Early armies were most likely men with sharpened sticks and rocks; through time they have included advancements such as men mounting horses, men wielding swords and other metallic weapons, the bow and arrow, siege weapons, the stirrup, to the advance of the musket which form the roots of the armed forces of most nations we know today. In modern times people use motorized vehicles and firearms.
While military can refer to any armed force, it generally refers to a permanent, professional force of soldiers or guerrillas—trained exclusively for the purpose of warfare and should be distinguished from a sanctioned militia or a levy, which are temporary forces— citizen soldiers with less training, who may be "called up" as a reserve force, when a nation mobilizes for total war, or to defend against invasion. The term military is often used to mean an army.
The doctrine that asserts the primacy of a military within a society is called militarism.
More on [ Military ]

Historic Context for the African American Military Experience - The Army Corps of Engineers presents this history of African American participation in the Armed Forces. It covers service prior to the American Revolution and goes through integration and the Korean Conflict. It also includes black participation in the British forces opposing the Revolution.
African American Warriors - Lists African American Medal of Honor recipients and covers African American units and individuals throughout US history.
Meta Description: [ Home page for African-American Warriors. ]
African Americans in the Military - Look at photos of African Americans in the military, read about the Tuskegee Airmen, the buffalo soldiers, the Harlem Hellfighters, a female buffalo soldier, and the integration of African Americans in the army.
Meta Description: [ African Americans have been involved in all wars since the beginning of American military history. Even before equality was given at home, African Americans fought for their country in many wars. ]
African Americans in the US Army - This section of the official US Army site highlights African-American service. It discusses notable African-American officers and units and key events. It also includes several photo galleries.
African-Americans in Military History - This section of the official US Air Force site lists several bibliographies related to African-American service in the US Military.
African-Americans in the U.S. Merchant Marine and U.S. Maritime Service - US Merchant Marines offer a small tribute to the African-Americans who served in WWII. View photographs of some of the soldiers.
Meta Description: [ African Americans in American Merchant Marine during World War II including Captain Hugh Mulzac of SS Booker T. Washington ]
Atlantic Monthly - Success Story: Blacks in the Military - This article written in May 1986 discusses the success black soldiers have enjoyed in climbing the ranks of the military.
Brief History of Black Women In The Military - The Women in Military Service for American Memorial overviews the service of black women from the Revolutionary War to the present.
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History of African Americans in the Military - A site devoted to giving African Americans the respect they deserve. They have fought in every major war in the US.
Integration of the Armed Forces - The U.S. Army Aviation and Missile Command presents this history of African-Americans in the Armed Forces of the United States. It contains a series of articles and chronologies detailing not only the ongoing process of eliminating discrimination in the Department of Defense but highlighting African Americans' distinguished military contributions.
Meta Description: [ History of African-Americans in the Armed Forces of the United States ]
Integration of the Armed Forces 1940-1965 - Morris J. MacGregor, Jr. and the Center of Military History, United States Army, tell the story of integration in this online book.
Over 100 Years Later, Black Cadet Gets his Due - Johnson Whittaker, one of the first black cadets at West Point, was unjustly court-martialed at the time. In 1995 President Clinton posthumously gave him a commission.
Meta Description: [ Over100 Years Later, Black Cadet Gets
his Due ]
Teaching With Documents: Photographs of the 369th Infantry and African Americans during World War I - The National Archives Digital Classroom tells the story of the Harlem Hellfighters
Meta Description: [ Primary Source and Archival Resources for Educators and Students ]
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The Negro as a Soldier - The African American Journey - Read an 1895 speech written by Christian Fleetwood that details the role of African-American soldiers in the Revolutionary and Civil Wars.
The Negro in the Regular Army - University of Virginia's Electronic Text Center presents a transcription of historian Oswald Villard's Atlantic Monthly article about African-Americans.
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